Chemistry- Amino Acids, Proteins, Peptides

Question 1

What are the Essential Amino acids?

Hint: Pvt. Tim Hall

Answer 1

Phenylalanine
Valine
Tryptophan

Threonine
Isoleucine
Methionine

Histidine
Arginine
Leucine
Lysine

Question 1

What two AA’s are “semi-essential”?

Answer 1

Histidine
Arginine

Question 2

What AA’s are in the aromatic ring group?

Hint: P.T. Torey and the rings

Answer 2

Phenylalanine
Tryptophan
Tyrosine (can help with depression)

Question 3

What AA’s are basic (positive charge at neutral pH)

Hint: HAL is a basic kind of guy

Answer 3

Histidine
Arginine
Lysine

Question 4

What are the neutral AA’s?

Hint: He was neutral so he went STAG

Answer 4

Serine
Threonine
Asparagine
Glutamine

Question 5

What AA’s contain sulfur?

Hint: MC Sulfur

Answer 5

Methionine
Cysteine

Question 6

Which AA’s are NOT glucogenic?

Hint: no sugar is Lack Luster

Answer 6

Leucine
Lysine

Question 7

What AA’s are branch chain?

Hint: LIV in the branches

Answer 7

Leucine
Isoleucine
Valine

Question 8

What AA’s are acidic?

Hint: GA’s drink acid

Answer 8

Glutamate
Aspartate

Question 9

The aliphatic chain group of AA’s are hydrophilic. List them from least to most hydrophilic.

Hint: Open GAVLI roads (aliphatic means open)

Answer 9

Glycine
Alanine
Valine
Leucine
Isoleucine

Question 10

Tryptophan is a precursor to what two substances?

Answer 10

Serotonin
NAD

Question 11

Glutamate is a precursor to?

Answer 11

GABA

Question 12

Histidine is the precursor to?

Answer 12

Histimine

Question 13

Glycine & Arginine are both precursors to?

Answer 13

Creatine

Question 14

What are the food sources for AA’s?

Answer 14

Meats
Fish
Eggs
Dairy
Peanut butter
Grains

Question 15

Digestion of AA’s beings where?

Answer 15

Stomach with Pepsin, HCL, and Rennin (infants only)

Question 16

What 3 AA’s are NOT found in grains?

Answer 16

Lysine
Threonine
Tryptophan

Question 17

What substances (5) help with chemical digestion of AA’s in the small intestine?

Answer 17

Trypsin
Chymotrypsin
Carboxypeptidase
Amino Peptidase
Dipeptidase

Question 18

What reversible conversion occur with Alanine?

Answer 18

Alanine = Pyruvate

Question 19

Glutamine is part of what reversible conversions?

Answer 19

Glutamine = Glutamate = Alpha Ketoglutarate

Question 20

Asparagine can be reversibly converted to what?

Answer 20

Asparagine = Aspartate =

Question 21

AA metabolism is accomplished by what two processes?

Answer 21

Transamination then Oxidative deamination

Question 22

Removed ammonia is sent where by what

Answer 22

carried to the Urea Cycle by Glutamate

Question 23

Left over carbon skeletons can be used for two things in metabolism. What are they?

Answer 23

Glucogenic
Ketogenic

Question 24

How are glucogenic carbon skeletons used?

Answer 24

they form Pyruvate or Oxaloacetate to make glucose

Question 25

How are Ketogenic carbon skeletons used?

Answer 25

Form Acetyl-CoA or Acetoacetyl-CoA to make Ketones

Question 26

What 3 AA's donate nitrogen to make Purines and Pyrimidines?

Answer 26

Glutamine Aspartate Asparagine

Question 27

There are 6 AA's that muscle is able to oxidize. What are they? Hint: GAL VIA

Answer 27

Glutamate Aspartate Leucine Valine Isoleucine Asparagine

Question 28

Muscle makes what two things during exercise?

Answer 28

Ammonia (from AA's) Lactate (from glucose)

Question 29

Ammonia & Lactate make what?

Answer 29

Alanine

Question 30

Alanine goes where to be converted back to lactate and ammonia?

Answer 30

Liver

Question 31

When lactate becomes glucose (via gluconeogenesis) what does ammonia become?

Answer 31

Urea

Question 32

What is the enzyme used in the urea cycle that requires ATP & Mg?

Answer 32

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase

Question 33

What are the important intermediates of the urea cycle? Hint: FArGO is not in CA

Answer 33

Fumarate ARginine Glutamate Ornithine Citrulline Aspartate

Question 34

Proteins are worth how many kcal?

Answer 34

4

Question 35

Amino acids have what bond?

Answer 35

Peptide

Question 36

What are the 4 structure types of proteins

Answer 36

Primary Secondary Tertiary Quaternary

Question 37

This protein sequence determines the proteins strucutre

Answer 37

Primary structure

Question 38

Secondary protein structures consist of what

Answer 38

Alpha helix & beta pleated sheet

Question 39

These protein structures are maximally folded for function

Answer 39

Tertiary structure

Question 40

An example of this structure is hemoglobin.

Answer 40

Quarternary structure