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Part 1 Boards > Chemistry- Amino Acids, Proteins, Peptides > Flashcards

Chemistry- Amino Acids, Proteins, Peptides Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Essential Amino acids?

Hint: Pvt. Tim Hall

A

Phenylalanine
Valine
Tryptophan

Threonine
Isoleucine
Methionine

Histidine
Arginine
Leucine
Lysine

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1
Q

What two AA’s are “semi-essential”?

A

Histidine
Arginine

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2
Q

What AA’s are in the aromatic ring group?

Hint: P.T. Torey and the rings

A

Phenylalanine
Tryptophan
Tyrosine (can help with depression)

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3
Q

What AA’s are basic (positive charge at neutral pH)

Hint: HAL is a basic kind of guy

A

Histidine
Arginine
Lysine

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4
Q

What are the neutral AA’s?

Hint: He was neutral so he went STAG

A

Serine
Threonine
Asparagine
Glutamine

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5
Q

What AA’s contain sulfur?

Hint: MC Sulfur

A

Methionine
Cysteine

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6
Q

Which AA’s are NOT glucogenic?

Hint: no sugar is Lack Luster

A

Leucine
Lysine

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7
Q

What AA’s are branch chain?

Hint: LIV in the branches

A

Leucine
Isoleucine
Valine

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8
Q

What AA’s are acidic?

Hint: GA’s drink acid

A

Glutamate
Aspartate

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9
Q

The aliphatic chain group of AA’s are hydrophilic. List them from least to most hydrophilic.

Hint: Open GAVLI roads (aliphatic means open)

A

Glycine
Alanine
Valine
Leucine
Isoleucine

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10
Q

Tryptophan is a precursor to what two substances?

A

Serotonin
NAD

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11
Q

Glutamate is a precursor to?

A

GABA

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12
Q

Histidine is the precursor to?

A

Histimine

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13
Q

Glycine & Arginine are both precursors to?

A

Creatine

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14
Q

What are the food sources for AA’s?

A

Meats
Fish
Eggs
Dairy
Peanut butter
Grains

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15
Q

Digestion of AA’s beings where?

A

Stomach with Pepsin, HCL, and Rennin (infants only)

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16
Q

What 3 AA’s are NOT found in grains?

A

Lysine
Threonine
Tryptophan

17
Q

What substances (5) help with chemical digestion of AA’s in the small intestine?

A

Trypsin
Chymotrypsin
Carboxypeptidase
Amino Peptidase
Dipeptidase

18
Q

What reversible conversion occur with Alanine?

A

Alanine = Pyruvate

19
Q

Glutamine is part of what reversible conversions?

A

Glutamine = Glutamate = Alpha Ketoglutarate

20
Q

Asparagine can be reversibly converted to what?

A

Asparagine = Aspartate =

21
Q

AA metabolism is accomplished by what two processes?

A

Transamination then Oxidative deamination

22
Q

Removed ammonia is sent where by what

A

carried to the Urea Cycle by Glutamate

23
Q

Left over carbon skeletons can be used for two things in metabolism. What are they?

A

Glucogenic
Ketogenic

24
Q

How are glucogenic carbon skeletons used?

A

they form Pyruvate or Oxaloacetate to make glucose

25
Q

How are Ketogenic carbon skeletons used?

A

Form Acetyl-CoA or Acetoacetyl-CoA to make Ketones

26
Q

What 3 AA’s donate nitrogen to make Purines and Pyrimidines?

A

Glutamine
Aspartate
Asparagine

27
Q

There are 6 AA’s that muscle is able to oxidize. What are they?

Hint: GAL VIA

A

Glutamate
Aspartate
Leucine
Valine
Isoleucine
Asparagine

28
Q

Muscle makes what two things during exercise?

A

Ammonia (from AA’s)
Lactate (from glucose)

29
Q

Ammonia & Lactate make what?

A

Alanine

30
Q

Alanine goes where to be converted back to lactate and ammonia?

A

Liver

31
Q

When lactate becomes glucose (via gluconeogenesis) what does ammonia become?

A

Urea

32
Q

What is the enzyme used in the urea cycle that requires ATP & Mg?

A

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase

33
Q

What are the important intermediates of the urea cycle?

Hint: FArGO is not in CA

A

Fumarate
ARginine
Glutamate
Ornithine
Citrulline
Aspartate

34
Q

Proteins are worth how many kcal?

A

4

35
Q

Amino acids have what bond?

A

Peptide

36
Q

What are the 4 structure types of proteins

A

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary

37
Q

This protein sequence determines the proteins strucutre

A

Primary structure

38
Q

Secondary protein structures consist of what

A

Alpha helix & beta pleated sheet

39
Q

These protein structures are maximally folded for function

A

Tertiary structure

40
Q

An example of this structure is hemoglobin.

A

Quarternary structure

41
Q
A

Part 1 Boards (21 decks)

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