Pathology- CNS & PNS disorders

Question 1

More common in Females, plaquing, Charcot’s triad (SIN) Staccato or slurred (speech), Intention (tremor), Nystagmus, diagnosed via exclusion

Answer 1

Multiple Sclerosis

Question 1

What makes up Charcot’s Triad?

Answer 1

Intermittent abdominal
Fever
Jaundice

Question 2

Motor issues, usually presents as “LMNL of the upper extremity & an UMNL of the lower extremity”, muscle weakness, both atrophy & spasticity, dysarthria, dysphagia, dyspnea.

Speech problems, nystagmus, and intention tremors (cerebellum destruction). Rapid and fatal.

Answer 2

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) aka Lou Gehrig’s Disease

Question 3

Neurological effects of vitamin B12 deficiency due to disease affecting intrinsic factor in gut. Glove and stocking paresthesias. Irreversible

Answer 3

Postero-Lateral Sclerosis (PLS) (Combined Systems Disease)

Question 4

Fluid filed cavities present at birth which expand in adulthood
shawl or cape-like paraesthesia that is always bilateral due to lesion in the cord placing pressure on both sides.
loss of pain & temperature: LATERAL SPINOTHALAMIC tract

Hint: superman wears a cape

Answer 4

Syringomyelia “Superman”

Question 5

Neuro-tangles - presenile dementia, occurs in 50 - 60 year-olds. loss of memories, people they know, and locations

Answer 5

Alzheimer’s

Question 6

Resting tremor, postural instability, muscular rigidity, mask-like face, shuffling gait, LEWY Bodies

Answer 6

Parkinson’s aka PARALYSIS AGITANS

Question 7

What is the most common birth defect?

Answer 7

Cerebral Palsy

Question 8

Anoxia at birth, does not progress. Has Chorea movement which is abrupt jerky movements.

Answer 8

Cerebral Palsy

Question 9

Can affect both CNS &PNS, paralysis, is a virus.

Hint: Iron lung

Answer 9

Poliomyelitis

Question 10

Benign nerve sheath tumor, genetically inherited, physical disfiguration, pain, cognitive disability

Answer 10

Neurofibroma

Question 11

Difficulty chewing, swallowing & talking. Poor prognosis.

Answer 11

Progressive bulbar palsy

Question 12

Pain following injury, autonomic changes, hair loss, increased or no sweat. Injured proximally but the pain is distal.

Answer 12

RSDS (Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome) aka Sudek’s Atrophy aka Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS). “sympathetic mess”

Question 13

Interruption of sympathetics: Ptosis, Miosis, Anhydrosis

Answer 13

Horner’s Syndrome
(drooping eyelid, small pupils, lack of sweat)

Question 14

Hyperthyroidism, exopthalmosis (bulging eyes), weight loss, insomnia, anxiety, tremors

Answer 14

Grave’s

Question 15

Females, butterfly rash on face “MALAR”, red, wolf, systemic, arthralgia. Type III sensitivity

Answer 15

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus aka
SLE “LUPUS”

Question 16

DRY eyes, dry mouth, arthritis

Answer 16

SJÖGRENS’ (Associated with RA)

Question 17

Chronic progressive, thickening of the skin.
CREST sign: Calcinosis, Raynaud’s phenomenon, Esophageal dysfunction, Sclerodactyly, Telangiectasia.
DIPS and PIPs look fixed

Answer 17

Scleroderma
aka PSS (Progressive Systemic Sclerosis)

Question 18

Trisomy 21

Answer 18

Down’s syndrome

Question 19

XO infantile female, does not go through puberty or develop secondary sexual characteristics

Answer 19

Turner’s Syndrome aka Bonnevie-Ulrich

Question 20

XXY male, small testes, possible mental deficiency, 47

Answer 20

Klinefelter’s Syndrome

Question 21

Thymic hypoplasia, “T” cel immunodeficiency

Answer 21

DiGeorge Anomaly