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AUBF > Part 1: Renal Physiology and Function > Flashcards

Part 1: Renal Physiology and Function Flashcards

1
Q

Kidney Function - T or F

Increase Waste products of metabolism

A

False (excrete waste products)

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2
Q

Kidney Function

What are the waste products of metabolism

A
  • Creatinine
  • Urea
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3
Q

Kidney Function

What is called the excreted wasre products of metabolism?

A

Urine

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4
Q

Kidney Fucntion - T or F

Kineys will function properly even if not excreted properly

A

False

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5
Q

Kidney Function - T or F

Regulate acid-base balance

`

A

True

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6
Q

Kidney Function

What are the 2 organ that helps with acid-base balance?

A

Lungs and Kidneys

if 1 shutdowns, balance is not maintained

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7
Q

Kidney Function

what is the pH range of blood

A

7.35 to 7.45

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8
Q

Kidney Function

What is the role of pH in the bodily function?

A

Regulates and dictates Bodily funciton; chemical reactions are highly dependent on pH levels

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9
Q

Kidney Function

what acidic substrance are responsible for acidic nature of blood

A

Hydrogen Ions

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10
Q

Kidney Function

urine, basic or acidic? and why

A

Acidic, because of the hydrogen ions

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11
Q

Kidney Function - T or F

Regulate electrolyte balance

A

True

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12
Q

Kidney Function

what happens to excess electrolytes in our body?

A

excreted through urine

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13
Q

Kidney Function - T or F

Regulate semen pressure

A

False (BLOOD)

baliw

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14
Q

Kidney Function

give 1 system that regulate the blood pressure

A

Renin Angiostenin Aldosterone System

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15
Q

Kidney Function

RAAS are activated by which stimulants?

A

LOW:
- Na
- BP
- Water volume

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16
Q

Kidney Function - T or F

Regulate white blood cell production

A

False (Red blood cell)

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17
Q

Kidney Function

What hormone is produced by kidneys (kidney tissue) responsible for rbc production

A

EPO (Erythropoietin)

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18
Q

Kidney Function

whate are BUN

A

Creatinine and Urea

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19
Q

Parts of Kidney

give the urine flow sequence

A

Renal Pelvis—Ureter—Urinary Bladder—Urethra

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20
Q

Kidney Blood Flow

What blood vessel carries filtered and Unfiltered blood?

A

Unfiltered - Arteries
Filtered - Veins

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21
Q

Kidney Blood Flow

what serves the filtration part of the kidney? it receives the blood from Arteries

A

Nephron

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22
Q

Kidney Blood Flow

If you see this card

A

Memorize the blood flow

u go na ,l.

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23
Q

The nephron

Functional unit of kidney?

A

Nephron

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24
Q

The nephron

How many nephron for each kidney?

A

1 to 1.5M each kidney (2-3M per individual)

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25
Q

The nephron

what is called the collected blood waste

inside the body

A

FILTRATE - not yet urine fucker

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26
Q

The nephron

how does filtrate becomes urine?

A

when it pass collecting ducts and ureters

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27
Q

The nephron

if u see this carcd

A

memorize the flow for the nephron now na

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28
Q

The nephron

this is where filtrate are being stored

A

Bowman’s capsule

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29
Q

The nephron

where the filtrate flows until it turns into urine

A

Renal Tubules

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30
Q

The nephron

a tuft of 8 capillaries; acts as a sieve during filtrate formation

A

glomerulus

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31
Q

The nephron

help with reabsorption and secretion because it surrounds the renal tubules

A

Peritubular capillaries

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32
Q

The nephron

types of nephron

A

Cortical and Juxtamedullary Nephron

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33
Q

The nephron

type of nephron:

  • cortex contains 85% of nephron
  • where the removal of waste products and reabsorption of nutrients happens
A

Cortical Nephron

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34
Q

The nephron

this nephron is situated primarily in the cortex of the kidney

A

Cortical Nephron

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35
Q

The nephron

What type of nephron:
- Longer loops of henle
- Extends to the medulla
- Concentration of urine take place

A

Juxtamedullary Nephron

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36
Q

Enumerate Renal Blood Flow

A
  1. Renal artery
  2. Afferent arteriole
  3. Glomerulus
  4. Efferent arteriole
  5. Peritubular capillaries
  6. Vasa r«ta
  7. Renal vein
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37
Q

Renal Blood Flow

what supplies blood to the kidney

A

Renal Artery

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38
Q

Renal Blood Flow

Total Renal blood flow

A

1200 mL/min (whole blood)

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39
Q

Renal Blood Flow

Total Renal Plasma Flow:

A

600 to 700 mL/min

40
Q

Renal Blood Flow

how many mL for both renal blood flow and plasma flow becomes filtrate

A

120mL - 130mL

41
Q

Renal Blood Flow

what cells can pass through glomerulus

A

All except cells and large molucules!

walang blood na mag papass

42
Q

Urine Formation Process

Enumerate the Urinary filtrate flow

A

gaur check the transes

43
Q

Urinary Formation process

A phase where the filtrate goes down the PCT and DCT and is reabsorbed

A

Filtration

44
Q

Urinary Formation process

In this process, filtrate that contains constituents that are needed in the body are then reabsorbed

A

Reabsorption

DUH

45
Q

TOF. if a patient is dehydrated, the water that the glomerulus has thrown out will be reabsorbed by the body.

46
Q

Urine formation process

renal tubules back to the peritubular capillaries

A

Reabsorption

47
Q

Urine formation process

peritubular capillaries to renal tubules

A

secretion

opposite ng reabsorption

48
Q

Urine Formation process

TOF. The filtrate amount is decreased due to absorption; however, the urine volime is increased due to other constituents that are not filtered.

49
Q

Factors that influence the filtration process, except:
A. Hydrokinetic pressure
B. Oncotic pressure
C. Cellular structure
D. RAAS

A

A (hydrostatic)

50
Q

Layers of Glomerulus

lined with endothelial cells; contains numerous fenestrated pores

A

Capillary wall membrane

pores increase capillary permeability but do not allow passage of large molecules and blood cells

51
Q

Layers of Glomerulus

a membrane that permits substrance to exit and become filtrate

A

Glomerular basement membran

52
Q

Glomerular basement membrane

MW of a substance to enter (AUBF)

A

<70,000 MW

53
Q

Glomerular basement membrane

MW for clinical chemistry

A

<66,000 MW

54
Q

Glomerular basement membrane

TOF. Filters the protein due to their negative charge—allowing negative charge to pass

A

F (protein will repel as they are both negatively charged)

55
Q

TOF. Proteins are normal components of the urine.

A

F

kidney malfunction na ‘yarn

56
Q

Layers of Glomerulus

slit membranes prevent filtration of proteins

A

Visceral epithelium (podocytes)

podocytes are like foot processes (”podo” means foot)

57
Q

Glomerular Pressures

forces fluid outside the vessel

A

hydrostatic pressure

58
Q

G. Pressures

maintains fluid inside the vessel

A

Oncotic p.

59
Q

Oncotic P.

  • increased hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capillary
  • increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR)–efficient in removing waste
A

Constriction of the efferent arteriole

60
Q

Oncotic p.

  • decreased hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capillary
  • decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
A

constriction of afferent arteriole

61
Q

controls the regulation of the flow of blood to and within the kidneys

A

RAAS System

62
Q

STUDY the RAAS System

63
Q

RAAS

What does the posterior pituiary gland secrete?

64
Q

RAAS

What organ secretes aldosterone?

after it is stimulated by the angiotensinogen II

A

Adrenal gland: cortex

65
Q

RAAS

This part of the DCT will sense the stimulants (low NA)

A

macula densa

66
Q

RAAS

Upon the response of macula densa, it will send a signal to what cell in order to produce renin?

A

juxtaglomerular cell

67
Q

Glomerular Filtrate

SPECIFIC GRAV.

A

1.008-1.010

68
Q

Glomerular Filtrate

pH

69
Q

Glomerular Filtrate

plasma concentration of a substance at which active transport stops and increased amounts are excreted in the urine

A

Renal threshold

70
Q

Glomerular Filtrate

Glucose renal thresh

71
Q

major reabsorption site

72
Q

Active Transport

This energy transfers the substance across the cell membrane

A

Electrochemical

73
Q

Active transport

Glucose & Amino Acid, Salts

74
Q

Active transport

Chloride and sodium

A

Chloride: Ascending LH
Sodium: PCT & DCT

75
Q

Trans mechanism

Happens when the renal tubule and peritubular capillaries (vessels) have a different concentration gradient

A

Queer

eme Passive Transport

76
Q

TOF. Passive reabsorption of water takes place in all parts of nephron except Descending loop of henle.

A

F (ascend)

77
Q

Passive Transport

Urea

A

PCT and Ascending LH

78
Q

Passive Transport

Sodium

A

Ascending LH

79
Q
  • where filtrate is exposed to high osmotic gradient of renal medulla
  • AKA counter-current
  • Hairpin-like loop
  • Important in regulating osmolarity of the medullary interstitial fluid
A

Loop of Henle

80
Q

Countercurrent Multiplier System

impermeable to water

A

Ascend limb

81
Q

Countercurrent Multiplier System

water is passively reabsorbed

A

Descend limb

82
Q

Countercurrent Multiplier System

Na+ and Cl- are actively and passively reabsorbed

A

Ascend limb

83
Q

What is the mode of transport and location of Glucose, Amino Acids, Salts?

A

Active, PCT

84
Q

TOF. The concentration is still called filtrate until it reaches the renal pevis.

85
Q

The final concentration happens in?

A

Happens in the late DCT & collecting duct

86
Q

increased reabsorption of water; low-volume urine =? adh to

87
Q

walls impermeable to water; large volume urine (dilute)

88
Q

Body Hydration

↓ADH = ↑Urine Volume

89
Q

Body hydration

↑ADH = ↓Urine Volume

A

Dehydrated

90
Q

Passage of substances from the blood in the peritubular capllaries to tubular filtrate

A

Tubular Concentration

91
Q

This eliminates waste products not filtered by glomerulus

A

Tubular Concentration

92
Q

Renal tubules are unable to release H+ ions to the urine (instead in blood) —hence producing alkaline urine

A

Renal tubular acidosis

urine that is naturally acidic, becomes basic

93
Q

This reflects the ability of the kidney to maintain normal hydrogen ion concentration in plasma and extracellular fluid

94
Q

Buffering capacity of blood depends on?

A

bicarbonate ions (HCO3- )

readily filtered by glomerulus and returned to blood to maintain proper pH

95
Q

H+ ions are buffered by phosphate ammonia and excreted into urine in the form of the following, except:
A. Dihydrogen phosphate
B. Bicarbonate
C. Weak inorganic acids
D. Ammonium

96
Q

Tubular Secretion

Each time a H+ ion is secreted into the renal tubule, 2 ions are absorbed by tubule

A

a sodium (Na+) and bicarbonate ion

97
Q

Nephron: PCT

Secreted, except:
A. Creatinine
B. Urea
C. OH
D. NH4

AUBF (45 decks)

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