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AUBF > M5: Amniotic Fluid (Part 2: Specimen Collection, Handling and Processing, Color and Appearance) > Flashcards

M5: Amniotic Fluid (Part 2: Specimen Collection, Handling and Processing, Color and Appearance) Flashcards

1
Q

Method of specimen collection of amniotic fluid

A

Amniocentesis

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2
Q

is recommended for neural tube defects when screening blood tests such as:
* maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein test are abnormal
* to detect genetic disorders to evaluate the health of the fetus

A

Amniocentesis

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3
Q

INDICATIONS FOR AMNIOCENTESIS

T or F

Amniocentesis is recommended for screening neural tube defects

A

T

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4
Q

INDICATIONS FOR AMNIOCENTESIS

Fetal body measurements taken with what which accurately estimate the gestational age of the fetus and provide an assessment of the size and growth of the fetus throughout pregnancy to diagnose and manage intrauterine
growth retardation

A

Ultrasonography

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5
Q

INDICATIONS FOR AMNIOCENTESIS

Fetal body measurements taken with ultrasonograph which are helpful in determining what (2) factors?

A
  • Size and growth of fetus
  • Diagnose and manage intrauterine growth retardation
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6
Q

INDICATIONS FOR AMNIOCENTESIS

T or F

Finding abonbormality on ultrasound indicate fetal is normal and tehre is no need for amniocnetesos and laboratory measurements of FLM

A

F (Finding abnormality on ultrasound indicates potential fetal development problems)

indicate need for amniocentestos and laboratory measurements of FLM (Fetal Lung Maturoity)

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7
Q

INDICATIONS FOR AMNIOCENTESIS

  • The presence of these in amniotic fluid indicate the genetic material of the fetus and the biochemical substances that the
    fetus has produced
  • cells can be separated from the fluid, cultured, and examined for chromosome abnormalities by karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), fluorescent mapping spectral karyotyping (SKY), and DNA testing
A

Fetal epithelial cells

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8
Q

INDICATIONS FOR AMNIOCENTESIS

Biochemical substances produced by the fetus can be analyzed by what tool to evaluate the health of the fetus?

A

Thin layer chromatography

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9
Q

INDICATIONS FOR AMNIOCENTESIS

is a safe procedure, particularly
when performed after the 14th week of gestation

A

amniocentesis

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10
Q

INDICATIONS FOR AMNIOCENTESIS

usually collected at
approximately 16 weeks’ gestation

A

Fluid for chromosome analysis

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11
Q

INDICATIONS FOR AMNIOCENTESIS

are performed
near the end of the second trimester

A

intrauterine growth retardation

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12
Q

INDICATIONS FOR AMNIOCENTESIS

performed later in
the third trimester

A

fetal distress and maturity

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13
Q

INDICATIONS FOR AMNIOCENTESIS

Match

a. 14th week of gestation
b. 16 weeks of gestation
c. end of 2nd trimester
d. later in 3rd trimester

Fluid for Chromosome analysis

Tests for Intrauterine growth retardation

Amniocentesis

Tests Fetal distress and maturity

A

Fluid for Chromosome analysis b. 16 weeks of gestation

Tests for Intrauterine growth retardation c. end of 2nd trimester

Amniocentesis a. 14th week of gestation

Tests Fetal distress and maturity d. later in 3rd trimester

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14
Q

INDICATIONS FOR AMNIOCENTESIS

Summary of indications for amniocentesis

A
  1. NTDs
  2. Abnormal serum AFP
  3. Detect genetic disorders
  4. Evaluate fetus’ health
  5. Abnormal ultrasound
  6. Detect intrauterine growth retardation
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15
Q

INDICATIONS FOR AMNIOCENTESIS

Fetal epithelial cells are separated, cultures, and examined for chromosome abnormalities by using what (4) methods?

A
  1. Karyotype
  2. FISH
  3. SKY
  4. Dna testing
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16
Q

COLLECTION

Amniotic fluid is obtained by needle aspiration into the amniotic sac, a procedure called?

A

Amniocentesis

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17
Q

COLLECTION

In amniocentesis, needle is aspirated into?

A

amniotic sac malamang

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18
Q

COLLECTION

The procedure most frequently performed is?

A

transabdominal amniocentesis

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19
Q

COLLECTION

What other equipment should be used for guidance for the physician to locate fetus and placenta to safely perform amniocentestsis?

A

Continuous ultrasound

20
Q

COLLECTION

A thin, hollow needle is inserted through the mother’s abdomen into the mother’s (blank) and into the (blank) to apirate the amnioti fluid

A

A thin, hollow needle is inserted through the mother’s abdomen into the mother’s uterus and into the amniotic sac to apirate the amnioti fluid

21
Q

COLLECTION

A maximum of how many mL of amniotic fluid is collected in sterile syringes?

A

maximum of 30 mL

22
Q

COLLECTION

How many mL should be discarded from the maximum 30ml of amniotic fluid aspirated?

A

first 2-3 mL

23
Q

COLLECTION

may also be performed; however,
this method carries a greater risk of infection

A

Vaginal amniocentesis

24
Q

COLLECTION

T or F

first 4-5 mL of amniotic fluid should be discarded as it contains maternal blood, tissue fluid, cells

A

T

25
Q

COLLECTION

Specimens should be transferred to?

what container

A

sterile plastic
containers

26
Q

COLLECTION

T or F

Specimens should be transferred to sterile plastic containers and taken immediately to the laboratory

A

T

27
Q

COLLECTION

This sample in cases of hemolytic disease
of the newborn (HDN) must be protected from light at all times.

A

Fluid for bilirubin analysis

Bilirubin false decreases upon exposure to light

28
Q

SPECIMEN HANDLING AND PROCESSING

should be placed in ice for delivery to the laboratory and kept refrigerated

A

Fluid for fetal lung maturity (FLM) tests

29
Q

SPECIMEN HANDLING AND PROCESSING

  • must be immediately protected from light
  • can be accomplished by placing the specimens in amber-colored tubes, wrapping the collection tube in foil, or by use of a black plastic cover for the specimen container
A

Specimens for bilirubin testing

30
Q

SPECIMEN HANDLING AND PROCESSING

Specimens for bilirubin testing should be placed in what special tubes?

A

amber-colored tubes, wrapping the collection tube in foil, or by use of a black plastic cover for the specimen
container

31
Q

SPECIMEN HANDLING AND PROCESSING

  • must be processed aseptically
  • maintained at room temperature or body temperature (37°C incubation) prior to analysis to prolong the life of the cells needed for analysis.
A

Specimens for cytogenetic studies or microbial studies

32
Q

SPECIMEN HANDLING AND PROCESSING

  • should be separated from cellular elements and debris as soon as possible to prevent distortion of chemical constituents by cellular metabolism or disintegration
  • This can be performed using centrifugation or filtration
A

All fluid for chemical testing

33
Q

SPECIMEN HANDLING AND PROCESSING

How are fluids for chemical testing separated from cellular elements and debris?

(2)

A

through centrifugation or fliltration

34
Q

COLOR AND APPEARANCE

Normal amniotic fluid color?

A

colorless

35
Q

COLOR AND APPEARANCE

Amniotic fluid turns into what in later stages of fetal development?

A

slight to
moderate turbidity from cellular debris

36
Q

COLOR AND APPEARANCE

The source of the blood (maternal or fetal) can be determined using what test

for fetal hemoglobin and is important for further case management

A

Kleihauer-Betke test

37
Q

COLOR AND APPEARANCE

gives the fluid a yellow color and
is indicative of red blood cell destruction resulting from HDN

A

bilirubin

38
Q

COLOR AND APPEARANCE

Bilirubin indicates what condition?

A

red blood cell destruction resulting from HDN

39
Q

COLOR AND APPEARANCE

  • usually defined as a newborn’s first
    bowel movement, is formed in the intestine from fetal intestinal secretions and swallowed amniotic fluid
  • dark green, mucus-like material
  • result of fetal distress
A

Meconium

40
Q

COLOR AND APPEARANCE

T or F

Fetal aspiration of meconium during fetal swallowing is a concern when increased amounts are present in the
fluid

A

T

41
Q

COLOR AND APPEARANCE

is associated with fetal death

A

very dark red-brown fluid

42
Q

COLOR AND APPEARANCE

Determine the color based on clinical significance

Normal

A

Colorless

43
Q

COLOR AND APPEARANCE

Determine the color based on clinical significance

Traumatic tap, abdominal trauma, intra-
amniotic hemorrhage

A

Blood-streaked

44
Q

COLOR AND APPEARANCE

Determine the color based on clinical significance

Traumatic tap, abdominal trauma, intra-
amniotic hemorrhage

A

Blood-streaked

45
Q

COLOR AND APPEARANCE

Determine the color based on clinical significance

Hemolytic disease of the newborn (bilirubin)

A

Yellow

46
Q

COLOR AND APPEARANCE

Determine the color based on clinical significance

Meconium

A

Dark-green

47
Q

COLOR AND APPEARANCE

Determine the color based on clinical significance

Fetal death

A

Dark red-brown

AUBF (45 decks)

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