Parasympathetics of head and neck

Question 1

What structures in the head and neck are innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 1

Sphincter pupillae muscle

Ciliary muscle

Lacrimal glands

Salivary and mucosal glands

Question 2

What type of muscle is the sphincter pupillae muscle made up of?

Answer 2

Smooth muscle

Question 3

What is the action of the sphincter pupillae muscle?

Answer 3

Constricts the pupil

Question 4

What type of muscle is the ciliary muscle made up of?

Answer 4

Smooth muscle

Question 5

What is the action of the ciliary muscle?

Answer 5

Changes the thickness of the length for focussing

Question 6

How many parasympathetic nuclei are there in the brainstem for head and neck structures?

Answer 6

Four

Question 7

What effect does parasympathetic innervation have on the lacrimal, salivary and mucosal glands?

Answer 7

Increases secretions

Question 8

What is the parasympathetic nucleus in the brainstem that gives off nerve fibres innervating smooth muscle in the eye?

Answer 8

Edinger Westphal nucleus

Question 9

Where do the parasympathetic pre-ganglionic nerve fibres synapse with the parasympathetic post-ganglionic nerve fibres?

Answer 9

At parasympathetic ganglia

Question 10

How many parasympathetic ganglia are there?

Answer 10

Four

Question 11

What are the parasympathetic ganglia in the head and neck?

Answer 11

Ciliary

Submandibular

Pterygopalatine

Otic

Question 12

Where is the ciliary ganglion located?

Answer 12

Orbit

Question 13

Where is the submandibular ganglion located?

Answer 13

Below the mandible

Question 14

Where is the pterygopalatine ganglion located?

Answer 14

In the pterygopalatine fossa

Question 15

How do parasympathetic pre-ganglionic nerve fibres reach the parasympathetic ganglia?

Answer 15

Run with CNs 3, 7, 9, 10

Question 16

What cranial nerve do parasympathetic pre-ganglionic nerve fibres innervating muscles in the eye run with?

Answer 16

CN3 oculomotor nerve

Question 17

How do parasympathetic post-ganglionic nerve fibres reach the head and neck structures they innervate?

Answer 17

Run with branches of the CN5 trigeminal nerve

Question 18

What branch of the CN5 trigeminal nerve do the parasympathetic post-ganglionic nerve fibres supplying muscles in the eye run with?

Answer 18

Branches of the opthalamic branch

Question 19

What cranial nerve do parasympathetic pre-ganglionic nerve fibres innervating the lacrimal, sublingual and submandibular salivary glands and mucosal glands run with?

Answer 19

CN7 facial nerve and its branches

• greater petrosal nerve
• chorda tympani nerve

Question 20

When does the greater petrosal nerve branch off the facial nerve?

Answer 20

After passing through the internal auditory meatus
inside the petrous bone
at the geniculate ganglion

Question 21

What ganglion do parasympathetic pre-ganglionic nerve fibres running with the greater petrosal nerve synapse at?

Answer 21

Pterygopalatine ganglion

Question 22

What glands do parasympathetic post-ganglionic fibres arising from the pterygopalatine ganglion synapse innervate?

Answer 22

Lacrimal glands

Mucosal glands

• nasal
• palatine

Question 23

Where does the chorda tympani nerve branch off the facial nerve?

Answer 23

After passing through the internal auditory meatus
inside the petrous bone
in the middle ear

Question 24

What is the function of the chorda tympani nerve, apart from the parasympathetic pre-ganglionic nerve fibres it carries?

Answer 24

Special sensory - taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue

Question 25

What ganglion do parasympathetic pre-ganglionic nerve fibres running with the chorda tympani nerve synapse at?

Answer 25

Submandibular ganglion

Question 26

What glands do parasympathetic post-ganglionic nerve fibres arising from the submandibular ganglion synapse innervate?

Answer 26

Salivary glands - submandibular - sublingual

Question 27

Which cranial nerve do the parasympathetic pre-ganglionic nerve fibres innervating the parotid gland run with?

Answer 27

CN9 glossopharyngeal nerve branch | -tympanic nerve and lesser petrosal nerve

Question 28

When does the tympanic nerve branch off the CN9 glossopharyngeal nerve?

Answer 28

After the CN9 glossopharyngeal nerve has passed through the jugular foramen

Question 29

What is the route of the tympanic nerve?

Answer 29

Ascends up and passes into petrous part of temporal nerve forms tympanic plexus in the petrous bone exits petrous part of temporal bone

Question 30

What is the contination of the tympanic nerve?

Answer 30

Lesser petrosal nerve

Question 31

When does the tympanic nerve become the lesser petrosal nerve?

Answer 31

When the tympanic nerve exits the petrous part of the temporal bone

Question 32

What is the route of the lesser petrosal nerve?

Answer 32

Passes through foramen ovale | down to otic ganglion

Question 33

Where is the otic ganglion located?

Answer 33

Below the foramen ovale | in the infratemporal fossa

Question 34

What branch of the CN5 trigeminal nerve do parasympathetic post-ganglionic fibres arising from the otic ganglion run with?

Answer 34

Branches of the mandibular branch

Question 35

What structures in the neck, thorax and abdomen are innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 35

Heart Glands and smooth muscle of resp. tract, GI tract

Question 36

What cranial nerve do parasympathetic pre-ganglionic nerve fibres innervating structures in the neck, thorax and abdomen run with?

Answer 36

CN10 vagus nerve

Question 37

Where do parasympathetic pre-ganglionic nerve fibres running with the vagus nerve synapse with the parasympathetic post-ganglionic nerve fibres?

Answer 37

At the target tissues or in the target tissues

Question 38

What is the pupillary light reflex?

Answer 38

Shining light in someone's pupil | makes their pupils constrict

Question 39

Which of the pupils constrict when light is shone into one pupil?

Answer 39

Both pupils constrict

Question 40

What is it called when the pupil that has light shone into it constricts?

Answer 40

Direct reflex

Question 41

What is it called when light is shone into one pupil, and the other pupil constricts?

Answer 41

Consensual reflex

Question 42

How does the pupillary light reflex work?

Answer 42

Sensory information carried from the retina by the CN2 optic nerve on same side gives off branches to both right and left Edinger Westphal nuclei Motor information carried by parasympathetic nerve fibres to sphincter pupillae muscle on both sides sphincter pupillae muscles contract and constrict the pupils