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Head and Neck > Parasympathetics of head and neck > Flashcards

Parasympathetics of head and neck Flashcards

1
Q

What structures in the head and neck are innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Sphincter pupillae muscle

Ciliary muscle

Lacrimal glands

Salivary and mucosal glands

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2
Q

What type of muscle is the sphincter pupillae muscle made up of?

A

Smooth muscle

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3
Q

What is the action of the sphincter pupillae muscle?

A

Constricts the pupil

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4
Q

What type of muscle is the ciliary muscle made up of?

A

Smooth muscle

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5
Q

What is the action of the ciliary muscle?

A

Changes the thickness of the length for focussing

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6
Q

How many parasympathetic nuclei are there in the brainstem for head and neck structures?

A

Four

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7
Q

What effect does parasympathetic innervation have on the lacrimal, salivary and mucosal glands?

A

Increases secretions

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8
Q

What is the parasympathetic nucleus in the brainstem that gives off nerve fibres innervating smooth muscle in the eye?

A

Edinger Westphal nucleus

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9
Q

Where do the parasympathetic pre-ganglionic nerve fibres synapse with the parasympathetic post-ganglionic nerve fibres?

A

At parasympathetic ganglia

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10
Q

How many parasympathetic ganglia are there?

A

Four

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11
Q

What are the parasympathetic ganglia in the head and neck?

A

Ciliary

Submandibular

Pterygopalatine

Otic

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12
Q

Where is the ciliary ganglion located?

A

Orbit

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13
Q

Where is the submandibular ganglion located?

A

Below the mandible

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14
Q

Where is the pterygopalatine ganglion located?

A

In the pterygopalatine fossa

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15
Q

How do parasympathetic pre-ganglionic nerve fibres reach the parasympathetic ganglia?

A

Run with CNs 3, 7, 9, 10

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16
Q

What cranial nerve do parasympathetic pre-ganglionic nerve fibres innervating muscles in the eye run with?

A

CN3 oculomotor nerve

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17
Q

How do parasympathetic post-ganglionic nerve fibres reach the head and neck structures they innervate?

A

Run with branches of the CN5 trigeminal nerve

18
Q

What branch of the CN5 trigeminal nerve do the parasympathetic post-ganglionic nerve fibres supplying muscles in the eye run with?

A

Branches of the opthalamic branch

19
Q

What cranial nerve do parasympathetic pre-ganglionic nerve fibres innervating the lacrimal, sublingual and submandibular salivary glands and mucosal glands run with?

A

CN7 facial nerve and its branches

  • greater petrosal nerve
  • chorda tympani nerve
20
Q

When does the greater petrosal nerve branch off the facial nerve?

A

After passing through the internal auditory meatus
inside the petrous bone
at the geniculate ganglion

21
Q

What ganglion do parasympathetic pre-ganglionic nerve fibres running with the greater petrosal nerve synapse at?

A

Pterygopalatine ganglion

22
Q

What glands do parasympathetic post-ganglionic fibres arising from the pterygopalatine ganglion synapse innervate?

A

Lacrimal glands

Mucosal glands

  • nasal
  • palatine
23
Q

Where does the chorda tympani nerve branch off the facial nerve?

A

After passing through the internal auditory meatus
inside the petrous bone
in the middle ear

24
Q

What is the function of the chorda tympani nerve, apart from the parasympathetic pre-ganglionic nerve fibres it carries?

A

Special sensory - taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue

25
Q

What ganglion do parasympathetic pre-ganglionic nerve fibres running with the chorda tympani nerve synapse at?

A

Submandibular ganglion

26
Q

What glands do parasympathetic post-ganglionic nerve fibres arising from the submandibular ganglion synapse innervate?

A

Salivary glands

  • submandibular
  • sublingual
27
Q

Which cranial nerve do the parasympathetic pre-ganglionic nerve fibres innervating the parotid gland run with?

A

CN9 glossopharyngeal nerve branch

-tympanic nerve and lesser petrosal nerve

28
Q

When does the tympanic nerve branch off the CN9 glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

After the CN9 glossopharyngeal nerve has passed through the jugular foramen

29
Q

What is the route of the tympanic nerve?

A

Ascends up and passes into petrous part of temporal nerve
forms tympanic plexus in the petrous bone
exits petrous part of temporal bone

30
Q

What is the contination of the tympanic nerve?

A

Lesser petrosal nerve

31
Q

When does the tympanic nerve become the lesser petrosal nerve?

A

When the tympanic nerve exits the petrous part of the temporal bone

32
Q

What is the route of the lesser petrosal nerve?

A

Passes through foramen ovale

down to otic ganglion

33
Q

Where is the otic ganglion located?

A

Below the foramen ovale

in the infratemporal fossa

34
Q

What branch of the CN5 trigeminal nerve do parasympathetic post-ganglionic fibres arising from the otic ganglion run with?

A

Branches of the mandibular branch

35
Q

What structures in the neck, thorax and abdomen are innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Heart

Glands and smooth muscle of resp. tract, GI tract

36
Q

What cranial nerve do parasympathetic pre-ganglionic nerve fibres innervating structures in the neck, thorax and abdomen run with?

A

CN10 vagus nerve

37
Q

Where do parasympathetic pre-ganglionic nerve fibres running with the vagus nerve synapse with the parasympathetic post-ganglionic nerve fibres?

A

At the target tissues or in the target tissues

38
Q

What is the pupillary light reflex?

A

Shining light in someone’s pupil

makes their pupils constrict

39
Q

Which of the pupils constrict when light is shone into one pupil?

A

Both pupils constrict

40
Q

What is it called when the pupil that has light shone into it constricts?

A

Direct reflex

41
Q

What is it called when light is shone into one pupil, and the other pupil constricts?

A

Consensual reflex

42
Q

How does the pupillary light reflex work?

A

Sensory information carried from the retina by the CN2 optic nerve on same side
gives off branches to both right and left Edinger Westphal nuclei
Motor information carried by parasympathetic nerve fibres to sphincter pupillae muscle on both sides
sphincter pupillae muscles contract and constrict the pupils

Head and Neck (54 decks)

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