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Head and Neck > Meningeal layers, dural folds, dural venous sinuses > Flashcards

Meningeal layers, dural folds, dural venous sinuses Flashcards

1
Q

What are the meninges?

A

Membranous layers that surround the brain

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2
Q

How many meninges are there?

A

Three

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3
Q

What are the meninges called? How are they arranged?

A

Dura - superficial

Arachnoid - middle

Pia - deep

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4
Q

How are the dura, arachnoid and pia meninges related to each other?

A

Are close to each other

small spaces in between

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5
Q

What are the small spaces between the meninges called?

A

Sub-dural space - between dura and arachnoid

Sub-arachnoid space - between arachnoid and pia

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6
Q

What are the sub-dural and sub-arachnoid spaces called potential spaces?

A

Because fluid can accumulate there

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7
Q

What fluids are most likely to accumulate in the sub-dural and sub-arachnoid spaces?

A

Blood

CSF

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8
Q

What type of tissue is the dura made out of?

A

Fibrous connective tissue

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9
Q

How many layers does the dura have?

A

Two

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10
Q

What are the layers of the dura?

A

Periosteal layer

Meningeal layer

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11
Q

What is the periosteal layer of the dura?

A

Endosteum of inner surface of neurocranium

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12
Q

What is the meningeal layer of the dura?

A

Layer superficial to arachnoid

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13
Q

What layers of the meninges cannot be peeled off? Why?

A

Pia, equivalent to the visceral layer of a serous membrane

Periosteal layer of dura, forms part of the neurocranium bone layers

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14
Q

How do the periosteal layer and meningeal layer of the dura relate to each other?

A

Are close to each other

apart from at dural folds, dural venous sinuses

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15
Q

What are dural folds?

A

Double-folds of the meningeal layer of the dura

against the periosteal layer

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16
Q

What is the function of the dural folds?

A

Divide the brain into different sections

and hold those different sections in their places

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17
Q

What are the main dural folds?

A

Falx cerebri

Tentorium cerebelli

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18
Q

Where is the falx cerebri located?

A

From front to back of brain

between the right and left hemispheres

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19
Q

What is the falx cerebri attached to anteriorly?

A

Crista galli

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20
Q

What is the falx cerebri attached to posteriorly?

A

Upper part of tentorium cerebelli

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21
Q

Where is the tentorium cerebelli located?

A

Beneath the right and left hemispheres of the brain

above the cerebellum

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22
Q

Is the tentorium cerebelli continuous?

A

No

has a gap in the middle of it

23
Q

What is the purpose of the gap in the middle of the tentorium cerebelli?

A

Allows the brainstem to pass through it

between the hemispheres of the brain and the spinal cord

24
Q

What do dural venous sinuses contain?

A

Venous blood

25
Q

What are the dural venous sinuses in the falx cerebri?

A

Superior sagittal sinus

Inferior sagittal sinus

Straight sinus

26
Q

What does the straight sinus do?

A

Joins together the superior and inferior sagittal sinuses

27
Q

Where do the superior sagittal sinus and straight sinus converge?

A

The confluence of sinuses

28
Q

What are the dural venous sinuses of the tentorium cerebelli?

A

The transverse sinuses x2

29
Q

What dural venous sinus arises from the confluence of sinuses?

A

The transverse sinuses x2

30
Q

How do the transverse sinuses travel?

A

Laterally

31
Q

What are the continuations of the transverse sinuses x2?

A

The sigmoid sinuses

32
Q

What do the sigmoid sinuses continue as?

A

Part of the internal jugular vein

33
Q

Where are the cavernous sinuses located?

A

Either side of sella turcica

34
Q

What does the cavernous sinus drain into?

A

The superior and inferior petrosal sinuses

35
Q

What are dural venous sinuses?

A

Space between the dural folds of the meningeal layer and periosteal layer of the dura

36
Q

What does the superior petrosal sinus drain into?

A

Transverse sinus

37
Q

What does the inferior petrosal sinus continue as?

A

Part of internal jugular vein

38
Q

What can a fracture of the crista galli result in?

A

Tearing of falx cerebri
damage to superior and inferior sagittal sinuses
leakage of CSF, leakage of blood

40
Q

What does the arachnoid layer look like?

A

Translucent

41
Q

How closely does the arachnoid surround the brain?

A

Doesn’t follow every sulci of brain

42
Q

What does the sub-arachnoid space contain?

A

CSF

Cerebral arteries, veins

43
Q

What do the cerebral veins drain into?

A

Dural venous sinuses

44
Q

How do the cerebral veins in the subarachnoid space drain into the dural venous spaces in the dura?

A

Bridging veins cross the subarachnoid space, arachnoid, subdural space and meningeal dura
connect together the cerebral veins and the dural venous sinuses

45
Q

What do the dural venous sinuses drain into?

A

Internal jugular vein

46
Q

What effect does increased intracranial pressure have on the brain?

A

Herniation

47
Q

What can cause an increase in intracranial pressure?

A

Intracranial haemorrhage

Tumours

48
Q

What effect does brain herniation have on the brain itself?

A

Brain gets compressed

49
Q

How closely does the pia surround the brain?

A

Follows every sulci of the brain

50
Q

Where does the superior petrosal sinus run in the cranial cavity?

A

Superior petrosal sinus runs above the ridge of the petrous bone

51
Q

How are the cavernous sinuses on each side of the head related to each other?

A

Intercavernous sinus connects them together

52
Q

What is located between the two cavernous sinuses on each side?

A

Pituitary gland

53
Q

Where does the inferior petrosal sinus run in the cranial cavity?

A

Below the ridge of the petrus bone

54
Q

How can the brain herniate?

A

Pushed against dural folds

Pushed through foramen magnum

Head and Neck (54 decks)

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