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Head and Neck > Muscles of the neck > Flashcards

Muscles of the neck Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main muscles of the neck?

A

Platysma

Sternocleidomastoid

Trapezius

Supra-hyoids

Infra-hyoids

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2
Q

Where does platysma originate?

A

Inferior border of mandible
subcutanous tissue of lower face
skin of lower face

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3
Q

Where does platysma insert?

A

Over the clavicle and beginning of the chest wall

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4
Q

What part of the neck does the platysma cover?

A

Anterior and lateral part on both sides

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5
Q

What innervates the platysma?

A

Facial nerve - cervical branch

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6
Q

What are the actions of platysma?

A

Depresses jaw

Depresses corners of mouth

Tenses skin

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7
Q

What is the structure of sternocleidomastoid?

A

Two heads

  • sternal
  • clavicular
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8
Q

Where does sternocleidomastoid originate?

A

Sternal head - manubrium of sternum

Clavicular head - medial clavicle

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9
Q

Where does sternocleidomastoid insert?

A

Mastoid process

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10
Q

What innervates sternocleidomastoid?

A

CN11 accessory nerve - spinal part

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11
Q

What are the actions of sternocleidomastoid?

A

Unilateral contraction - lateral flexion of neck on same side,
rotates head to contralateral side

Bilateral contraction - flexion of neck

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12
Q

How is the sternocleidomastoid examined?

A

Put hand on one side of patient’s face
offer resistance

ask patient to look over their shoulder on that side

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13
Q

Where does trapezius originate?

A

External occopitial protruberance
superior nuschal line
nuschal ligament
spinous processes of cervical and thoracic vertebrae

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14
Q

Where does trapezius insert?

A

Spine of scapula
acromion
lateral third of clavicle

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15
Q

What innervates trapezius?

A

CN11 accessory nerve - spinal part

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16
Q

What are the actions of trapezius?

A

Upper fibres - elevate the scapula, rotate the scapula upwards to allow shoulder abduction over 90degrees

Middle fibres - retract scapula

Lower fibres - depress scapula

17
Q

How is the trapezius examined?

A

Put hand on patient’s shoulder
offer resistance

ask patient to elevate their shoulder on that side

18
Q

What are the signs of a damaged accessory nerve to do with the trapezius?

A

Trapezius is wasted away, scapula is prominent

Shoulder is depressed

19
Q

What shape are the infra-hyoid muscles?

A

Strap-like

20
Q

Where are the infra-hyoid muscles located?

A

Inferior to the hyoid bone

21
Q

What is the main infra-hyoid muscle?

A

Omohyoid

22
Q

Where does omohyoid originate?

A

Hyoid bone

23
Q

Where does omohyoid insert?

A

Scapula

24
Q

Where does omohyoid run in the neck?

A

From hyoid bone, inferiorly down length of neck
posteriorly to sternocleidomastoid muscle
emerges laterally to sternocleidomastoid muscle in posterior triangle
moves towards scapula

25
Q

What is the structure of omohyoid?

A

Two bellies

  • superior
  • inferior
26
Q

Where is the superior belly of omohyoid located?

A

Above sternocleidomastoid

27
Q

Where is the inferior belly of omohyoid located?

A

Laterally to sternocleidomastoid

28
Q

What is the action of omohyoid?

A

Depresses hyoid bone

29
Q

Where are supra-hyoid muscles located?

A

Superior to the hyoid bone

30
Q

What is the main supra-hyoid muscle?

A

Digastric

31
Q

What is the structure of digastric?

A

Two bellies

  • anterior belly
  • posterior belly
32
Q

Where does the anterior belly of digastric originate?

A

Mandible in chin area

33
Q

Where does the anterior belly of digastric insert?

A

Hyoid bone

34
Q

Where does the posterior belly of digastric originate?

A

Mastoid process

35
Q

Where does the posterior belly of digastric insert?

A

Hyoid bone

36
Q

What are the actions of digastric?

A

Depresses mandible

Elevates hyoid bone

Head and Neck (54 decks)

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