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Head and Neck > Muscles of the head > Flashcards

Muscles of the head Flashcards

1
Q

What do muscles of facial expression originate from?

A

Bone or fascia

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2
Q

What do muscles of facial expression insert into?

A

Skin

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3
Q

Where are muscles of facial expression located in terms of the tissue surrounding them?

A

In the subcutaneous tissue

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4
Q

How do muscles of facial expression exert their effects?

A

By pulling on the skin

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5
Q

What are the groups of muscles of the head?

A

Muscles of facial expression

Muscles of mastication

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6
Q

What are the muscles of facial expression?

A

Occipitofrontalis

Orbicularis oculi

Oribicularis oris

Buccinator

Zygomaticus, risorius

(platysma, even though it is in the neck)

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7
Q

What is the structure of occipitofrontalis?

A

Two bellies

  • occipital
  • frontal
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8
Q

Where is the frontal belly of occipitofrontalis located?

A

Above the eyebrows on the forehead

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9
Q

Where is the occpital belly of occipitofrontalis located?

A

Back of head over occipital bone

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10
Q

What innervates the frontal belly of occipitofrontalis?

A

Facial nerve - termporal branch

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11
Q

What innervates the occipital belly of occipitofrontalis?

A

Facial nerve - posterior auricular branch

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12
Q

What is the action of occipitofrontalis?

A

Elevates eyebrows

Wrinkles skin of forehead

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13
Q

How is occipitofrontalis examined?

A

Hold patient’s eyebrows down

ask them to raise there eyebrows against resistance

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14
Q

What is the structure of orbicularis oculi?

A

Two parts

  • orbital part
  • palpebral part
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15
Q

Where is the palpebral part of orbicularis oculi located?

A

Immediately around the eye

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16
Q

Where is the orbital part of orbicularis oculi located?

A

Around the palpebral part

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17
Q

What innervates orbicularis oculi?

A

Facial nerve - temporal and zygomatic branches

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18
Q

What is the action of the palpebral part of orbicularis oculi?

A

Close the eyes gently e.g. when blinking, sleeping

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19
Q

What is the action of the orbital part of orbicularis oculi?

A

Close the eyes tightly

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20
Q

How is orbicularis oculi examined?

A

Hold patient’s eyes open

Ask them to close their eyes against that resistance

21
Q

Where is orbicularis oris located?

A

Around the opening of the mouth

22
Q

What innervates orbicularis oris?

A

Facial nerve - buccal branch

23
Q

What is the action of the oribularis oris?

A

Closes the mouth

Puckers the lips

24
Q

How is orbicularis oris examined?

A

Inspect the mouth for drooping angle

if drooping, means the muscle isn’t working

25
Q

Where is buccinator located?

A

Deep cheek

26
Q

What is the innervation of buccinator?

A

Facial nerve - buccal branch

27
Q

What is the action of buccinator?

A

Flattens cheek, holding cheek close to teeth

so food doesn’t pool between them

28
Q

How is buccinator examined?

A

Ask patient to blow out cheeks
then apply pressure to them

Cheeks should resist expulsion of air

29
Q

Where are zygomaticus and risorius located?

A

Superficial cheek

30
Q

What is the innervation of zygomaticus and risorius?

A

Facial nerve - buccal branch

31
Q

What is the action of zygomaticus and risorius?

A

Dilate the lips e.g. when smiling, frowning

32
Q

How many muscles of mastication are there?

A

4

33
Q

What are the muscles of mastication?

A

Temporalis

Masseter

Pterygoids - medial, lateral

34
Q

Where is temporalis located?

A

On the side of the head, over the temporal bone

35
Q

What innervates temporalis?

A

Trigeminal nerve - mandibular branch

36
Q

What is the action of temporalis?

A

Elevates mandible

Retracts mandible

37
Q

How is temporalis examined?

A

Ask patient to clench their jaw
palpate the side of their head
should be tense

38
Q

Where is masseter located?

A

Above the back of the jaw

39
Q

What innervates masseter?

A

Trigeminal nerve - mandibular branch

40
Q

What is the action of masseter?

A

Elevates mandible

41
Q

How is masseter examined?

A

Ask patient to clench their jaw
palpate above the back of their jaw
should be tense

42
Q

Where are the medial and lateral pterygoids located?

A

Very deep in the cheek

43
Q

What is the action of the medial pterygoid?

A

Elevates mandible

Assists lateral pterygoid in moving jaw to one side

44
Q

What is the action of the lateral pterygoid?

A

Unilateral contraction - moves jaw to that side

Bilateral contraction - depress mandible
protract mandible

45
Q

How are the pterygoids examined?

A

Hold patients mouth closed
ask them to open their mouth against the resistance

Ask them to move their jaw from side to side

46
Q

What innervates the medial and lateral pterygoids?

A

Trigeminal nerve - mandibular branch

47
Q

What joint do the muscles of mastication move?

A

Tempero-mandibular joint

48
Q

What is special about the temporo-mandibular joint?

A

Only movable joint in the skull

Head and Neck (54 decks)

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