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Head and Neck > Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the parts of the CNS?

A

Brain

Spinal cord

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2
Q

What is meant by dorsal when referring to the brain?

A

Superior part of the brain

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3
Q

What is meant by ventral when referring to the brain?

A

Inferior part of the brain

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4
Q

What is meant by rostral when referring to the brain?

A

Anterior part of the brain

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5
Q

What is meant by caudal when referring to the brain?

A

Posterior part of the brain

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6
Q

What is a sulcus when referring to the brain?

A

Groove in brain separating adjacent gyri

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7
Q

What is a gyrus when referring to the brain?

A

Fold in brain

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8
Q

What is a fissure when referring to the brain?

A

Large split between adjacent large areas of brain

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9
Q

What are the parts of the brain?

A

Cerebrum

Brainstem

Cerebellum

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10
Q

What is the cerebrum made up of?

A

Right cerebral hemisphere

Left cerebral hemisphere

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11
Q

What separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres?

A

Great longitudinal fissure

Falx cerebri

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12
Q

What is each cerebral hemisphere made up of?

A

Frontal lobe

Parietal lobe

Temporal lobe

Occipital lobe

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13
Q

How are the lobes of the cerebral hemispheres named?

A

Based on the bone that overlies them

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14
Q

What separates the frontal and parietal lobes?

A

Central sulcus

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15
Q

Where does the central sulcus run from?

A

Midline

To the temporal lobe

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16
Q

What part of the frontal lobe is immediately anterior to the central sulcus?

A

Pre-central gyrus

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17
Q

What does the precentral gyrus contain?

A

Primary motor cortex

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18
Q

What part of the parietal lobe is immediately posterior to the central sulcus?

A

Post-central gyrus

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19
Q

What does the post-central gyrus contain?

A

Primary somatosensory cortex

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20
Q

What separates the frontal/parietal and temporal lobes?

A

Lateral sulcus

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21
Q

What separates the parietal/temporal lobe from the occipital lobe?

A

Parieto-occipital sulcus

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22
Q

What separates the occipital lobe from the cerebellum?

A

Tentorium cerebelli

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23
Q

What parts of the cranial floor does the cerebrum sit in?

A

Anterior cranial fossa

Middle cranial fossa

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24
Q

What part of the cerebrum sits in the anterior cranial fossa?

A

Frontal lobes

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25
What part of the cerebrum sits in the middle cranial fossa?
Temporal lobes
26
What is the most medial part of the temporal lobe?
Uncus
27
What is the clinical significance of the uncus?
Can herniate | compressing the midbrain of the brainstem and the CN3 oculomotor nerve
28
What are the functions of the frontal lobe?
Motor functions Higher cognition Speech
29
What are the functions of the parietal lobe?
Sensation Spatial awareness
30
What does the temporal lobe contain?
Primary auditory cortex Primary olfactory cortex
31
What does the occipital lobe contain?
Primary visual cortex
32
Where does the calcarine sulcus run in the occipital lobe?
From the occipital pole To the parietal-occipital sulcus
33
What are the functions of the occipital lobe?
Vision
34
What are the functions of the temporal lobe?
Memory as part of limbic system Smell Hearing and its interpretation
35
Where does decussation occur?
After the medullary pyramids
36
What is meant by decussation?
Fibres from one cerebral hemisphere cross over to the other side of the CNS
37
How many parts of the brainstem are there?
Three
38
What are the parts of the brainstem?
Midbrain Pons Medulla
39
Where is the primary visual cortex located in the occipital lobe?
Around the calcarine sulcus
40
What are the functions of the pons?
Feeding Sleep
41
What are the functions of the midbrain?
Eye movements Reflex eye movements to sound and vision
42
What are the functions of the medulla?
Cardiovascular control centre Respiratory control centre Descending motor fibres from primary motor cortex to spinal cord
43
What contains the descending motor fibres from the primary motor cortex in the medulla of the brainstem?
Medullary pyramids
44
What parts of the cranial floor does the brainstem sit in?
Posterior cranial fossa
45
What are the functions of the cerebellum?
Co-ordination Motor learning
46
What part of the cranial floor does the cerebellum sit in?
Posterior cranial fossa
47
What is the corpus callosum?
Fibres connecting the two cerebral hemispheres
48
What is the function of thalamus?
Sensory relay station projecting to sensory cortex
49
What is the function of the hypothalamus?
Homeostasis
50
Where is the thalamus located?
Wall of third ventricle
51
Where is the hypothalamus located?
Beneath the thalamus
52
What structures can be compressed in the foramen magnum?
Tonsils of cerebellum can herniate into foramen magnum with raised intracranial pressure Brainstem too
53
What are the signs and symptoms of cerebellar dysfunction?
Inability to perform fast repetitive movements Unable to judge distances Ataxia Nystagmus Intention tremor Hypotonia
54
Which parts of the body are affected with damage to the cerebellum?
Ipsilateral part of body Vermis - trunk of body
55
What does the brainstem pass through?
Foramen magnum
56
What is the continuation of the brainstem?
Spinal cord
57
What do the cerebral peduncles contain?
Motor and sensory nerve axons | passing between cerebral hemispheres and rest of body
58
Where in the occipital lobe is the primary visual cortex located?
Occipital pole | around the calcarine sulcus
59
What does damage to the occipital lobe result in?
Visual loss | type depends on which part of pathway is damaged
60
What does the pons contain?
Cranial nerves 5-8 nuclei
61
What is the function of the colliculi of the midbrain?
Visual and auditory reflexes | moving body away from seen or heard danger
62
What are the effects of compressing the brainstem?
Loss of cardio-respiratory functions
63
Where is the primary olfactory cortex located in the temporal lobe?
Near the uncus
64
What are the functions of the limbic system?
Memory Emotion Behaviour
65
What are the signs/symptoms of damage to the temporal lobe?
Disturbances in smell Difficulty with words Visual loss
66
Why can damage to the temporal lobe cause visual loss?
Part of visual pathway runs through temporal lobe

Head and Neck (54 decks)

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