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Head and Neck > Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the parts of the CNS?

A

Brain

Spinal cord

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2
Q

What is meant by dorsal when referring to the brain?

A

Superior part of the brain

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3
Q

What is meant by ventral when referring to the brain?

A

Inferior part of the brain

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4
Q

What is meant by rostral when referring to the brain?

A

Anterior part of the brain

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5
Q

What is meant by caudal when referring to the brain?

A

Posterior part of the brain

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6
Q

What is a sulcus when referring to the brain?

A

Groove in brain separating adjacent gyri

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7
Q

What is a gyrus when referring to the brain?

A

Fold in brain

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8
Q

What is a fissure when referring to the brain?

A

Large split between adjacent large areas of brain

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9
Q

What are the parts of the brain?

A

Cerebrum

Brainstem

Cerebellum

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10
Q

What is the cerebrum made up of?

A

Right cerebral hemisphere

Left cerebral hemisphere

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11
Q

What separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres?

A

Great longitudinal fissure

Falx cerebri

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12
Q

What is each cerebral hemisphere made up of?

A

Frontal lobe

Parietal lobe

Temporal lobe

Occipital lobe

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13
Q

How are the lobes of the cerebral hemispheres named?

A

Based on the bone that overlies them

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14
Q

What separates the frontal and parietal lobes?

A

Central sulcus

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15
Q

Where does the central sulcus run from?

A

Midline

To the temporal lobe

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16
Q

What part of the frontal lobe is immediately anterior to the central sulcus?

A

Pre-central gyrus

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17
Q

What does the precentral gyrus contain?

A

Primary motor cortex

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18
Q

What part of the parietal lobe is immediately posterior to the central sulcus?

A

Post-central gyrus

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19
Q

What does the post-central gyrus contain?

A

Primary somatosensory cortex

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20
Q

What separates the frontal/parietal and temporal lobes?

A

Lateral sulcus

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21
Q

What separates the parietal/temporal lobe from the occipital lobe?

A

Parieto-occipital sulcus

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22
Q

What separates the occipital lobe from the cerebellum?

A

Tentorium cerebelli

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23
Q

What parts of the cranial floor does the cerebrum sit in?

A

Anterior cranial fossa

Middle cranial fossa

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24
Q

What part of the cerebrum sits in the anterior cranial fossa?

A

Frontal lobes

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25
Q

What part of the cerebrum sits in the middle cranial fossa?

A

Temporal lobes

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26
Q

What is the most medial part of the temporal lobe?

A

Uncus

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27
Q

What is the clinical significance of the uncus?

A

Can herniate

compressing the midbrain of the brainstem and the CN3 oculomotor nerve

28
Q

What are the functions of the frontal lobe?

A

Motor functions

Higher cognition

Speech

29
Q

What are the functions of the parietal lobe?

A

Sensation

Spatial awareness

30
Q

What does the temporal lobe contain?

A

Primary auditory cortex

Primary olfactory cortex

31
Q

What does the occipital lobe contain?

A

Primary visual cortex

32
Q

Where does the calcarine sulcus run in the occipital lobe?

A

From the occipital pole

To the parietal-occipital sulcus

33
Q

What are the functions of the occipital lobe?

A

Vision

34
Q

What are the functions of the temporal lobe?

A

Memory as part of limbic system

Smell

Hearing and its interpretation

35
Q

Where does decussation occur?

A

After the medullary pyramids

36
Q

What is meant by decussation?

A

Fibres from one cerebral hemisphere cross over to the other side of the CNS

37
Q

How many parts of the brainstem are there?

A

Three

38
Q

What are the parts of the brainstem?

A

Midbrain

Pons

Medulla

39
Q

Where is the primary visual cortex located in the occipital lobe?

A

Around the calcarine sulcus

40
Q

What are the functions of the pons?

A

Feeding

Sleep

41
Q

What are the functions of the midbrain?

A

Eye movements

Reflex eye movements to sound and vision

42
Q

What are the functions of the medulla?

A

Cardiovascular control centre

Respiratory control centre

Descending motor fibres from primary motor cortex to spinal cord

43
Q

What contains the descending motor fibres from the primary motor cortex in the medulla of the brainstem?

A

Medullary pyramids

44
Q

What parts of the cranial floor does the brainstem sit in?

A

Posterior cranial fossa

45
Q

What are the functions of the cerebellum?

A

Co-ordination

Motor learning

46
Q

What part of the cranial floor does the cerebellum sit in?

A

Posterior cranial fossa

47
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

Fibres connecting the two cerebral hemispheres

48
Q

What is the function of thalamus?

A

Sensory relay station projecting to sensory cortex

49
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

A

Homeostasis

50
Q

Where is the thalamus located?

A

Wall of third ventricle

51
Q

Where is the hypothalamus located?

A

Beneath the thalamus

52
Q

What structures can be compressed in the foramen magnum?

A

Tonsils of cerebellum can herniate into foramen magnum with raised intracranial pressure

Brainstem too

53
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of cerebellar dysfunction?

A

Inability to perform fast repetitive movements

Unable to judge distances

Ataxia

Nystagmus

Intention tremor

Hypotonia

54
Q

Which parts of the body are affected with damage to the cerebellum?

A

Ipsilateral part of body

Vermis - trunk of body

55
Q

What does the brainstem pass through?

A

Foramen magnum

56
Q

What is the continuation of the brainstem?

A

Spinal cord

57
Q

What do the cerebral peduncles contain?

A

Motor and sensory nerve axons

passing between cerebral hemispheres and rest of body

58
Q

Where in the occipital lobe is the primary visual cortex located?

A

Occipital pole

around the calcarine sulcus

59
Q

What does damage to the occipital lobe result in?

A

Visual loss

type depends on which part of pathway is damaged

60
Q

What does the pons contain?

A

Cranial nerves 5-8 nuclei

61
Q

What is the function of the colliculi of the midbrain?

A

Visual and auditory reflexes

moving body away from seen or heard danger

62
Q

What are the effects of compressing the brainstem?

A

Loss of cardio-respiratory functions

63
Q

Where is the primary olfactory cortex located in the temporal lobe?

A

Near the uncus

64
Q

What are the functions of the limbic system?

A

Memory

Emotion

Behaviour

65
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of damage to the temporal lobe?

A

Disturbances in smell

Difficulty with words

Visual loss

66
Q

Why can damage to the temporal lobe cause visual loss?

A

Part of visual pathway runs through temporal lobe

Head and Neck (54 decks)

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