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Head and Neck > Anatomy of larynx > Flashcards

Anatomy of larynx Flashcards

1
Q

What is the larynx basically?

A

Tube created by membranes, cartilages and muscles

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2
Q

How does the larynx relate to the hyoid bone?

A

It lies below the hyoid bone

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3
Q

Where does the larynx begin?

A

Laryngeal inlet

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4
Q

Where does the larynx end?

A

Lower border of cricoid cartilage

C6 vertebral level

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5
Q

What is the continuation of the larynx?

A

Trachea

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6
Q

How many important cartilages of the larynx are there? What are the different groups?

A

Three single cartilages

One paired cartilage

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7
Q

What are the three single cartilages of the larynx?

A

Thyroid cartilage

Cricoid cartilage

Epiglottis

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8
Q

What is the paired cartilage of the larynx?

A

Aretynoid cartilages

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9
Q

What are the parts of the thyroid cartilage?

A

Lateral plates

Laryngeal prominence

Inferior horn

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10
Q

What is the laryngeal prominence?

A

Where the two lateral plates of the thyroid cartilag meet in the anterior midline

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11
Q

What is the laryngeal prominence of the thyroid cartilage commonly known as?

A

Adam’s apple

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12
Q

What is the inferior horn of the thyroid cartilage?

A

Postero-inferior projection

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13
Q

What does the inferior horn of the thyroid cartilage do?

A

Articulates with the cricoid cartilage

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14
Q

What is the signifiance of the inferior horn of the thyroid cartilage articulating with the cricoid cartilage in a synovial joint?

A

Thyroid cartilage can move on cricoid cartilage

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15
Q

What is different about the cricoid cartilage compared to other cartilages of the larynx and trachea?

A

Forms a complete ring

others are incomplete

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16
Q

What type of joint connects the inferior horn of the thyroid cartilage to the cricoid cartilage?

A

Synovial joint

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17
Q

What is the shape of the cricoid cartilage?

A

Wider and flatter at the back

than at the front

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18
Q

What shape is the epiglottis?

A

Leaf-shaped

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19
Q

What is the relative position of the aretynoid cartilages in the larynx?

A

Posteriorly

Superior to cricoid cartilage on either side

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20
Q

What do the aretynoid cartilages attach to?

A

The cricoid cartilage on either side

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21
Q

How do the aretynoid cartilages attach to the cricoid cartilage?

A

Synovial joints

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22
Q

What does the epiglottis attach to?

A

Postero-superior surface of thyroid cartilage inferiorly

Body of hyoid bone superiorly

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23
Q

How many membranes of the larynx are there?

A

Four

24
Q

What are the membranes of the larynx?

A

Thyro-hyoid membrane

Crico-thyroid membrane

Crico-tracheal membrane

Quadrangular membrane

25
Q

What does the thyro-hyoid membrane attach to?

A

Superiorly the hyoid bone

Inferiorly the thyroid cartilage

26
Q

What does the crico-thyroid membrane attach to?

A

Superiorly the thyroid cartilage

Inferiorly the cricoid cartilage

27
Q

What does the crico-tracheal membrane attach to?

A

Superiorly the cricoid cartilage

Inferiorly the first ring of cartilage of the trachea

28
Q

What is the clinical signifiance of the cricothyroid membrane?

A

Cricothyroidotomy

29
Q

When is a cricothyroidotomy done?

A

Patient cannot breathe

cannot be intubated or ventilated

30
Q

How is a cricothyroidotomy done?

A

Palpate for the cricothyroid membrane

make an incision into it

31
Q

What does the quadrangular membrane attach to?

A

Sides of epiglottis superiorly

Posterior surface of thyroid cartilage antero-inferiorly
Aretynoid cartilages postero-inferiorly

32
Q

What is the free superior border of the quadrangular membrane called?

A

Aryepiglottic fold

33
Q

How does the free superior border of the quadrangular membrane form the aryepiglottic fold?

A

Thickens at this point

34
Q

What is the laryngeal inlet?

A

Opening into the larynx

35
Q

What forms the laryngeal inlet?

A

The aryepiglottic folds

36
Q

What is the free inferior border of the quadrangular membrane called?

A

The vestibular ligament/false vocal cord

37
Q

How does the free inferior border of the quadrangular membrane frorm the vestibular ligament/false vocal cord?

A

Thickens at this point

38
Q

What is the free superior border of the crico-thyroid membrane called?

A

The vocal ligament/true vocal cord

39
Q

How does the free superior border of the crico-thyroid membrane form the vocal ligament/true vocal cord?

A

Thickens at this point

40
Q

What lines the surface of the larynx?

A

Mucous membrane

41
Q

What are the three areas of the larynx?

A

Supraglottis

Glottis

Infraglottis

42
Q

What is the supraglottis?

A

Area of the larynx above the vestibular ligament/false vocal cords

43
Q

What is the glottis?

A

Area of the larnx that contains the vestibular ligament/false vocal cords and the vocal ligament/true vocal cords

44
Q

What is the infraglottis?

A

Area of the larynx below the vocal ligament/true vocal cords

45
Q

What is located between the vestibular ligament/false vocal cords and the vocal ligament/true vocal cords?

A

Ventricle posteriorly

Saccule anteriorly

46
Q

What are the ventrcle and saccule?

A

Recesses between the vestibular ligament/false vocal cords and the vocal ligament/true vocal cords

47
Q

What is the function of the ventricle and saccula?

A

Contain mucous glands
produce mucus
keep larynx mois

48
Q

What type of epithelium lines the larynx?

A

Respiratory epithelium - psueodostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

49
Q

What is the exception to psueodostratified ciliated columnar epithelium lining the respiratory tract?

A

Vocal ligament/true vocal cords is lined with stratified squamous epithelium

50
Q

Why are the vocal ligaments/true vocal cords lined with stratified squamous epithelium?

A

To protect against of abrasion of air moving into and out of larynx

51
Q

What is the rima glottidis?

A

The opening between the vocal ligaments/true vocal cords

52
Q

How can you tell the orientation of a view of the larynx?

A

Point of rima glottidis is anterior

53
Q

How can the larynx be viewed?

A

Laryngoscope

Nasoendoscopy

54
Q

When is a laryngoscope used to view the larynx?

A

Intubation - placing a tube in the infraglottis

55
Q

When is a nasoendoscope used to view the larynx?

A

To visualise the larynx

56
Q

What body system is the larynx a part of?

A

Respiratory system

58
Q

What are the functions of the larynx? Which is its main function?

A

Ventilation - air in and out of lungs

Airway protection - preventing aspiration - main function

Cough

Phonation - producing sound

Head and Neck (54 decks)

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