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Head and Neck > Nose and nasal cavity disorders > Flashcards

Nose and nasal cavity disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is a septal haematoma?

A

Blood between the perichondrium and cartilage of the nasal septum

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2
Q

What causes a septal haematoma?

A

Trauma to the nasal septum

tears off the perichondrium from the cartilage of the nasal septum

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3
Q

What are the complications of a septal haematoma?

A

Cartilage loses its blood supply
becomes ischaemic hypoxic
avascular necrosis as a result

Infection of haematoma
abscess formation

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4
Q

How does avascular necrosis of the cartilage of the nasal septum present?

A

Saddle nose deformity

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5
Q

What is a nasal polyp?

A

Benign swelling of the nasal mucosa

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6
Q

What do nasal polyps look like?

A

Pale or yellow

May be reddened

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7
Q

What does a reddened unilateral polyp suggest?

A

Maybe tumour

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8
Q

Are nasal polyps usually unilateral or bilateral?

A

Bilateral

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of nasal polyps?

A

Nasal congestion

Watery rhinorrhea

Post-nasal drip

Decreased smell, reduced taste

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10
Q

What is nasal congestion?

A

Blockage of nasal passages

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11
Q

What is rhinorrhea?

A

Build up of mucus in the nasal cavity

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12
Q

What is a post-nasal drip?

A

Runny nose

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13
Q

What age group are nasal polyps more common in?

A

Over 40 year olds

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14
Q

What is rhinitis?

A

Inflammation of the nasal mucosa

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15
Q

What are the types of rhinitis? What causes each type?

A

Acute infective rhinitis caused by viruses

Allergic rhinitis caused by allergens

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16
Q

What are the symptoms of rhinitis?

A

Nasal congestion

Rhinorrhea

Post-nasal drip

Sneezing

17
Q

Epistaxis from which artery of the nasal septum is more serious? Why?

A

Sphenopalatine artery

because it more posterior in the nasal septum and so can’t be blocked by pinching the external nose

18
Q

What conditions can predispose to nosebleeds?

A

Coagulation disorders

Connective tissue disorders

19
Q

How is a nosebleed managed?

A

Pinch external nose, learn forwards

Cauterise bleeding

Anterior packing

Posterior packing

Surgical intervention

Head and Neck (54 decks)

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