Paper 1 The Move to Global War: The Expansion of Fascism in Germany Flashcards
What did Most Germans expect after World War one?
“The terms of on which the peace” (T.O.V) would be relatively equitable
Evans - Fallout Page 61
Why might have German outrage of the Treaty of Versailles be unjustified?
“The official war aims of the German government had included the assignment to the Reich of a substantial amount of Western territory”
“Given the extent of what the Germans had expected to gain in the event of victory, it might have been expected that they would have realized what they stood to lose in the event of defeat”
Evans Fallout Page 61
What happened immediately after the Armistice of November 1918
German High sees Fleet had to be surrendered along with all German submarines
In the meantime, to ensure compliance, the Allies maintained their economic blockade of Germany
How did the Germans feel about the T.O.V?
“Universally felt in Germany as an unjustified national humiliation”
Effects of the T.O.V?
Lost a tenth of its population and 13% of its territory including Alsace-Lorraine
Why wasn’t the TOV as bad as they say?
“The reparation bills that Germany actually did have to pay from 1919 onwards were not beyond the country’s resources to meet and not unreasonable given the wanton destruction visited upon Belgium”
Evans WW1 Fallout
Evans WW1 Fallout Summary Pages 4-9?
Answer:
What does Kerkshaw claim about the stab in the back myth?
This was pure invention of the Right, a legend the Nazis would use as a central element of their propaganda armoury
Why does Kerkshaw claim that the stab in the back myth is untrue?
The army was by then exhausted, and in the previous four months had suffered heavier losses than at any time during the war.
Desertions and ‘shirking’ rose dramatically. At home, the mood was one of mounting protest – embittered, angry and increasingly rebellious.
The revolution was not fabricated by Bolshevik sympathisers and unpatriotic troublemakers but grew out of the profound disillusionment and rising unrest that had set in even as early as 1915 and from 1916 onwards had flowed into what finally became a torrent of disaffection.
According to Kerkshaw, what was Hitler’s key acts at the start of his reign?
War profiteering
Why is it argued by Kershaw that Hitler wasn’t solely the cause for the hatred amongst the Jews?
Heinrich Class, a Pan-German leader, said in October 1917 that antisemitism had already reached “colossal” proportions and that “the fight for survival for the Jews had begun.”
However, What was new was how far radical antisemitism had spread and how it seemed to be working out for them.
Because of Heinrich von Kleist’s famous words about the French in 1813, the pan-Germans started a “Jewish Committee” in September 1918. They used these words: “kill them; the world court is not going to ask you about your reasons!
Kerkshaw - How much value should be placed on WW1 in influencing the political ideology of Hitler?
ANSWER:
With reference to its origin, purpose and content, analyse the value and limitations of Source K for an historian studying the impact of ideology on the foreign policies of Italy and Germany?
Values:
Auhtor had a direct experience of Nazi Germany
Discusess reasons for Italo-German cooperation
Limitations:
His purpose is inteded to be a study of Nazi Germany, so the attention to Italian foreign policy is limited
He was only a visitor –> Percieves everything without the in-depth understanding of Nazi ideology since he is a foreigner
Compare and Contrast what Sources K and L reveal about German an Italian Foreign policy?
Comparison:
Both sources suggest there were similar aspirations in Ger and italian foreign policies
Discuss revisionism of post war treaties
Identify that Germany and Italy had common enemies
Contrast:
• While Source K claims Italy and Germany were together mainly because of their common enemies, Source L claims they had ideological affinities.
• While Source K highlights the conflicting interests between German and Italian foreign policies, Source L claims that German policy could be beneficial to Italy.
• Source K claims Germany did not like Italy, but Source L states that Hitler supported and was loyal to Mussolini.
Evaulate the influence of ideology on the foreign policies of Italy and Germany?
They both supported General Franco’s Facist Forces and opposed the Left during the Spanish Civil War.
Nazi-Soviet Pact of 1939 and claim that it showed ideology was not a significant factor for Hitler
Relations between Hitler and Mussolini were pragamtic as Hitler recognised Italian control of Abyssinia to gain Mussolini’s support for the German Annexation of Austria.
Hitler allied with Mussolini only to prevent him from joining GB and France
Anglo-Italian agreement in April 1938
