Paper 1 Mocks Flashcards
Compare and contrast what Sources K and L reveal about why the Japanese attacked
Pearl Harbor in December 1941.
Comparison:
- Both sources identify that the economic embargo on Japan was
significant. - Both sources indicate that the negotiations between the United States
and Japan were not successful. - Both sources indicate that the vital issue to be resolved was the
withdrawal of Japanese troops from China. - Both sources suggest the significance of weather in the planning of the
attack.
Contrast:
- Source K suggests that only the Japanese were preparing for war,
whereas Source L refers to American and British preparations for war. - Source K suggests that the embargo was imposed only by the United
States, whereas Source L states that economic sanctions were an
international response.
With reference to its origin, purpose and content, analyse the value and limitations of
Source I for an historian studying relations between Japan and the United States
before the attack on Pearl Harbor.
Value:
- It is the official position of the United States government at the time
- It sets out the position of the United States in negotiations.
- It gives detailed information on American demands.
Limitations:
- As the note is from November 1941, there is no indication of how Japan
reacted to these demands. - Since the aim was to pressure Japan, the demands of the United States
Government may not represent their actual position. - It gives no information on preceding events that led to this proposal
being issued.
Using the sources and your own knowledge, discuss the reasons for the Japanese
attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941.
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How did Economic Factors lead to the rise of Hitler?
The Great Depression where from 1929-1930 number of unemployed increased from 2.4 million people
- Industrial Production fallen to 58% of the 1928 levels Companies and manufacturers had a sharp downturn
- 50,000 businesses went bankrupt
Weimar government’s structure?
Change every 4 years - lack of continuity
Article 48
- president can pass laws without Reichstag approval in case of emergencies
= SO gov was seen as taking away the power from the people, undermined support
Proportional representation
- produced coalition govs
- allowed small parties to gain representation
Reichstag Fire 1933
Collapse of SPD after they walked out 1933
How did Mao Economic factors allow Mao to rise to power?
1946, Chinese industries operated at 20% capacity
Life expectancy went from 42 –> 30 between the years 1930–> 1942
The peasants equated for 88% of the population and were targeted by Mao in an attempt to gain support in rural areas. This point is reinforced by Jerome Ch’en, who suggests that “eventually the poor quality that the peasants lived in allowed Mao to gain their support while he was hiding for Chiang in the hills.”
How did the GMD fail to control the economic situation?
Introduction of new currencies and the printing of money
–> Inflation which reached heights of 1000% by the time the CCP came to power.
How did the Political Failures of the GMD lead to the rise of Mao?
The Chinese people began to distrust the government due to corruption and widespread nepotism.
The enormous amount of financial aid given by the US that supported Chiang, ended up being taken by corrupt generals.
Such instability within the political infrastructure resulted in social conditions worsening, augmenting the agitation of the people as well as developing unrest amongst the peasantry.
It was not only the peasants that were dissatisfied, as the GMD’s failure to introduce a democracy resulted in the bourgeoise losing support.
Ideology as a cause of WW1?
Ideology caused WW1
Example: The pre-eminence of nationalism, which can be seen in the Balkans
The collapse of the Ottoman Empire that began in 1908 + increasing threats to the A-H
–> Increase in Nationalism
How did the Balkan Wars lead to WW1 (Ideology)?
1st and 2nd Balkan Wars of 1912 and 1913 –> Serbia wanted to become Independent
This led to the assassination of Franz Ferdinand in 1914
It was the expression of Pan-Slavism that allowed this to happen
Criticisms of Ideology as a reason for WW1?
Independent magazine 1914
“the financial system of the world is in chaos, that international commerce is suspended, that industries are everywhere demoralized and families ruined.”
How did Ideology cause WW2?
Hitler’s Nazm was an ideology that prioritised war as a key element, as best evidenced by the foreign policy pursued by the German state through the 1930s in Austria and eventually Poland.
Hitler’s Nazm was based as it was on the expressed desire for Lebernsraum in the East, was a belief system that met its ideological match in both liberal democracy and communism
The ideological underpinning of each war, however, was closely linked to the need for imperial expansion
Compare and Contrast the Ideology of Pan-Slavism and Hitler (Ideology as a cause) WW2?
This could not be said of Pan-Slav nationalism in the abstract, whereby the contrast Hitler’s aggressive and radicalise Nazism desired war and expansionism by design
The Second WW2 can therefore more easily be defined as a war between ideologies where WW1 is much harder to define as such
Ideology did indeed paly its role in WW1 , but as part of a much larger collection of disparate causes, rather than as the main cause in and of itself
Direct Area of Contrast between Imperialism?
Can be seen in the Balkans
A-H concerns in the Balkans seemed to be the maintenance of an existing empire, being torn apart by the various national groups contained within, rather than the aggressive acquisition of territories outside of it.
This, therefore, is a helpful area of contrast- it could hardly be argued that Nazi Germany or Imperial Japan’s imperial ambitions were based around the maintenance of an already existing empire
How did Alliances cause ww1?
As a direct consequence of the economic factors, just discussed and the militarism strongly associated with it, events in Sarajevo eventually led to the triggering of both the Triple Alliance and Tiple Entente against each other that started the war in 1914
Turned small –> big
