pancreas Flashcards
what is the pancreas divided into
- head
- body
- tail
- neck
what type of cells does pancreas have
- exocrine
- endocrine
what is the functional unit of the exocrine pancreas
acinus and its draining ductule
where does ductule from acinus drain
into the interlobular. ducts which drain into the main pancreatic ductal system
what is endocrine pancreas contain
islet of Langerhans
what does exocrine function aid
digestion
what do acinar cells do
produce and secrete digestive enzymes
what do ductal cells do
produce and secrete pancreatic secretion
examples of digestive enzymes
- amylase
- lipase
- colipase
- proteases
what are proteases
trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen
what does bicarbonate do
neutralises gastric acid emptied into duodenum
what is the cephalic phase stimulated by
behavioural cues related to sight, smell and taste of food
what is output to the exocrine pancreas by
vagus nerve
what is the gastric phase of pancreatic secretion from
effects of the meal in the stomach
when does the intestinal phase of pancreatic secretions start
when protein, fat and gastric acid from the stomach enters the duodenum
what produces CCK
I cells
what does secretin act on
pancreatic acinar cells and ductal cells
what is pancreatic polypeptide released from
islet cells of the pancreas
when is somatostatin released
in response to food
what does peptide YY do
inhibits pancreatic secretion by acting on the acinar cells
what do alpha cells secrete
glucagon
what do beta cells produce
insulin
what do D cells produce
somatostatin
what do PP cells produce
pancreatic polypeptide
what do enterochromaffin cells produce
serotonin
what are the cells of the endocrine pancreas
ilsets of Langerhans
what is the most common cell in endocrine pancreas
beta cell
when is the exocrine pancreas investigated
in patients with chronic pancreatic disease
when does fat malabsorption occur
when there has been 85-90% reduction in pancreatic lipase
where is faecal elastase produced
in the pancreas
is faecal elastase degraded in intestine
no
what does a plain abdominal radiograph show
calcification associated with chronic pancreatitis
what is ultrasound useful for
- neoplasia
- inflammation
- gallstone
what is the gold standard investigation for pancreatic disease
CT
what does MRCP give clear definition of
pancreatic duct
how else can gallstones be identified
MRCP
what is useful for identifying common bile duct stones
endoscopic ultrasound
is ERCP invasive
yes
what are the first investigations done for pancreatic disease
ultrasound and CT
what other investigations provide extra information for pancreatic disease
MRI/MRCP
what is used for tumours
endoscopic ultrasound
