anorectal disorders - haemorrhoids, anal fissure, fistula in ano Flashcards
1
Q
what is pruritus ani
A
itchy bottom
2
Q
what does pruritus ani result from
A
haemorrhoids or overactivity of sweat glands
3
Q
treatment of pruritus ani
A
- enhancing toilet hygiene
- keeping the area dry
- avoiding use of perfumed moisturiser
4
Q
what can pruritus ani cause
A
- threadworm infestation
- fungal infections
- perianal eczema
5
Q
what do haemorrhoids cause
A
- rectal bleeding
- discomfort
- pruritus ani
6
Q
what is most common cause of rectal bleeding
A
haemorrhoids
7
Q
how are haemorrhoids diagnosed
A
- inspection
- rectal examination
- proctoscopy
8
Q
treatment of haemorrhoids
A
- avoid constipation
- corticosteroids
- rubber band ligation
- doppler ultrasound
9
Q
what is anal fissure
A
tear in anal canal
10
Q
symptoms of anal fissure
A
- pain on defecation
11
Q
how is anal fissure diagnosed
A
made on history alone
12
Q
how is anal fissure confirmed
A
on perianal inspection
13
Q
treatment of anal fissure
A
- local anaesthetic gel
- stool softeners
- GTN (0.2-0.4)
- diltiazem
- sphincterotomy
14
Q
precipitating causes of rectal prolapse
A
- constipation
- chronic straining
15
Q
symptoms of rectal prolapse
A
- slight bleeding
- mucus on defecation
- tenesmus
- sensation of anal obstruction
