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GI > diarrhoea > Flashcards

diarrhoea Flashcards

1
Q

symptoms associated

A
  • crampy abdominal pain
  • fever
  • blood stained stool
  • steatorrhoea
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2
Q

what are common causes of secretory diarrhoea

A
  • enterotoxins (cholera, e.coli, c.diff)
  • hormones
  • bile salts
  • fatty acids
  • laxatives
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3
Q

why does diarrhoea occur

A

because of damage to the intestinal mucosal cell so that there is a loss of fluid and blood

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4
Q

common causes

A
  • shigella
  • UC
  • crohns
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5
Q

what diseases do not cause ‘true’ diarrhoea

A
  • IBS
  • colorectal cancer
  • diverticular disease
  • faecal impaction
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6
Q

does acute diarrhoea require investigation

A

no

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7
Q

how long does travellers diarrhoea last

A

2-5 days

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8
Q

symptoms of acute diarrhoea

A
  • fever
  • abdominal pain
  • vomiting
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9
Q

what can occur if diarrhoea is severe

A

dehydration

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10
Q

who is at risk of dehydration

A

very young and elderly

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11
Q

what is treatment for acute

A

fluid and electrolyte replacement

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12
Q

what is given to infants with acute diarrhoea

A

rehydration solutions e.g. sodium chloride

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13
Q

what do anti-diarrhoeals impair the clearance of

A

any pathogen from bowel

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14
Q

when are antibiotics occasionally necessary

A
  • infective gastroenteritis
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15
Q

does chronic diarrhoea need investigation

A

yes

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16
Q

what is first line investigation for chronic diarrhoea if stool culture negative

A

colonoscopy with ileoscopy

17
Q

first line investigation for chronic diarrhoea with blood

A

colonoscopy with biopsies

18
Q

what causes colonic lesions on colonoscopy

A
  • UC
  • crohns
  • carcinoma
19
Q

what is done for malabsorption

A
  • blood test

- jejunal biopsy

20
Q

what disease cause small bowel lesions

A
  • coeliac
  • tropical sprue
  • giardia
21
Q

what diseases cause pancreatic lesions

A
  • chronic pancreatitis

- carcinoma

22
Q

what investigations are done for water/loose stools

A
  • flexible sigmoidoscopy
  • colonoscopy
  • biopsy
23
Q

what diseases cause colonic lesions

A
  • IBD

- pseudomembraneous colitis

24
Q

when can pseudomembraneous colitis occur

A

following the use of antibiotics

25
Q

what is the causative agent of pseudomembraneous colitis

A

C.diff

26
Q

what is an under-diagnosed cause of chronic diarrhoea

A

bile acid malabsorption

27
Q

when does bile acid diarrhoea occur

A

when the terminal ileum fails to reabsorb bile acids

28
Q

what does an increase in bile acid in the colon cause

A

diarrhoea

29
Q

how is bile acid malabsorption diagnosed

A

SeHCAT test

30
Q

treatment of bile acid malabsorption

A

bile salt sequestrants e.g. colestyramine

31
Q

what do bile salt sequestrants do

A

they bind and inactivate the action of bile acids in the colon

32
Q

is chronic diarrhoea a symptom of HIV

A

yes

GI (50 decks)

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