large intestine miscellaneous Flashcards
what is megacolon
dilated colon
what is megacolon secondary to
- chronic constipation
- chagas’ disease
what should be excluded in young patients with megacolon
Hirschsprung’s disease
how can you treat megacolon
surgery
causes of faecal incontinence
- surgery
- damage to sphoncter
- pudendal nerve damage
- rectal prolapse
- UC
- severe diarrhoea
- spinal trauma
- stroke
- dementia
what is initial management of incontinecne
bowel habit regulation
what is the most potent antidiarrhoeal
loperamide
what does loperamide do
increase internal sphincter tone
what is ischaemic colitis
occlusion of branches of the superior mesenteric artery or inferior mesenteric artery.
who usually gets ischaemic colitis
elderly
what does ischaemic colitis present with
- sudden onset abdominal pain
- passage of bright red blood per rectum
- diarrhoea
where is most common site of ischaemic colitis
splenic flexure
what are risk factors for ischeamic colitis
- women on contraceptive pill
- patients on nicorandil
- thrombophilia
what is seen on examination for ischaemic colitis
distended and tender abdomen
what is seen on AXR for ischaemic colitis
thumb-printing at splenic flexure
