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GI > anatomy > Flashcards

anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

jaw opening occurs at

A

temporal mandibular joint

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2
Q

muscle involved in jaw opening

A

lateral pterygoid

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3
Q

jaw closing muscle

A

masseyter attaches to zygomatic bone

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4
Q

what prevents jaw from dislocating

A

articular tubercle

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5
Q

muscles of mouth all supplied by

A

CN V3 - trigeminal nerve

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6
Q

course of CN V3
from
through
to

A

from pons
through foramen ovale (in sphenoid)
to muscle of mastication and sensory area

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7
Q

what is between teeth and lips

A

= vestibule

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8
Q

what are gums called

A

gingiva

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9
Q

how many teeth in adult

A

32

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10
Q

how many teeth in each quadrant

A

8

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11
Q

teeth 1 + 2 called

A

incisors

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12
Q

tooth 3 called

A

canine

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13
Q

teeth 4 + 5 called

A

pre molars

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14
Q

teeth 6-8

A

molars

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15
Q

tooth 8 called

A

wisdom tooth

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16
Q

upper oral cavity sensation via

A

CN V2

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17
Q

lower oral cavity sensation via

A

CN V3

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18
Q

course of CN. V2

A

from pons
through foramen rotundum
to sensory area (mid face)

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19
Q

what is general sensation of tongue via

A

CN V3

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20
Q

anterior 2/3 tongue sensation via

A

CN V2

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21
Q

posterior 1/3 tongue sensation via

A

CN IX

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22
Q

what is the facial nerve

A

7

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23
Q

course of CN IX

A

from medulla
through jugular foramen
to oropharynx, parotid gland and tongue (posterior)

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24
Q

course of CN XII

A

from medulla
through. hypoglossal canal
to intrinsic and extrinsic tongue

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25
Q

what prevents drooling

A

orbicularis oris

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26
Q

visceral pain

  • location ?
  • characteristics ?
  • from?
A

hard to localise
tends to be dull, achy and nauseating
from an organ

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27
Q

somatic pain

  • location ?
  • characteristics ?
  • from?
A

easier to localise
sharp and stabbing
from body wall

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28
Q

where do sympathetic nerves leave spinal cord

A

T5-L2

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29
Q

what do visceral afferent run alongside

A

sympathetic nerve fibres

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30
Q

foregut structure enter spinal cord at

A

T6-T9

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31
Q

midgut structure enter spinal cord at

A

T8-T12

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32
Q

hindgut structure enter spinal cord at

A

T10-L2

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33
Q

bilirubin is by product of

A

red blood cell break down

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34
Q

where does break down of red blood cells occur

A

spleen

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35
Q

what is bilirubin used for

A

to form bile in liver

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36
Q

what is portal triad

A

hepatic artery
hepatic vein
common bile duct

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37
Q

what is first midline branch of abdominal aorta

A

coeliac artery

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38
Q

where does coeliac artery arise

A

T12

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39
Q

what does coeliac tree supply

A

foregut

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40
Q

coeliac tree trifurcates into

A
  • splenic artery
  • hepatic artery
  • left gastric artery
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41
Q

spleen function

A

break down of red blood cells

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42
Q

spleen protected by

A

ribs 9-11

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43
Q

stomach blood supply

A

right and left gastric arteries

right and left gastro-mental arteries

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44
Q

liver blood supply

A

hepatic artery

hepatic portal vein

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45
Q

what does liver convert

A

bilirubin to bile

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46
Q

liver protected by

A

ribs 7-11

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47
Q

how many segments does liver have

A

4

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48
Q

how many functional segments does liver have

A

8

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49
Q

name of 4 liver segments

A

right lobe
left lobe
caudate lobe
quadrate lobe

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50
Q

what does splenic vein do

A

drains blood from foregut to hepatic portal vein

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51
Q

what does inferior mesenteric vein do

A

drains blood from hindgut to splenic vein

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52
Q

what does superior mesenteric vein do

A

drains blood from midgut to hepatic portal vein

53
Q

gallbladder stores

A

bile inbetween meals

54
Q

how does bile flow from gallbladder

A

via the cystic duct

55
Q

what is blood supply to gallbladder

A

via cystic artery

56
Q

what is jaundice

A

yellowing of the sclera/skin

57
Q

what causes jaundice

A

an increase in blood levels of bilirubin

58
Q

what unite to form bile duct

A

right and left hepatic duct

59
Q

where does bile duct drain

A

2nd part of duodenum

60
Q

what joins to form ampulla of vater

A

bile duct and pancreatic duct

61
Q

parts of pancreas

A

head
neck
body
tail

62
Q

function of pancreas

A

exocrine - pancreatic enzymes

endocrine - islet of langerhans

63
Q

where does pancreatic pain radiate

A

to the back

64
Q

what does small intestine secrete in duodenum

A

gastrin

CCK

65
Q

mucosa in jejunum

A

highly folded

66
Q

mucosa in ileum

A

smooth

67
Q

what does rectum store

A

faeces until appropriate to defecate

68
Q

what senses fullness of rectum

A

visceral afferents

69
Q

muscle in pelvic floor

A

levator ani

70
Q

what covers superior rectum

A

peritoneum

71
Q

contraction of external sphincter by

A

pudendal nerve

72
Q

where is pudendal nerve

A

S2,3,4,

73
Q

pudendal nerve exits pelvis via

A

greater sciatic foramen

74
Q

during labour what causes faecal incontinence

A

pudendal nerve stretched or torn

75
Q

what is pectinate line

A

junction between embryo in GI tract and part that formed skin

76
Q

what is a rectal varices

A

dilation of colorectal veins

77
Q

what is haemorrhoid

A

prolapses of rectal vein plexus

due to raised pressure e.g. constipation, pregnancy

78
Q

what is splenic flexure

A

between transverse and descending colon

higher than hepatic flexure

79
Q

where does caecum and appendix lie

A

RIF

80
Q

where exactly is appendix located

A

McBurneys point

1/3 way between umbilicus and iliac spine

81
Q

where is sigmoid colon located

A

LIF

82
Q

what is a feature of sigmoid colon

A

long mesentery

83
Q

what are the midline branches of abdominal aorta

A
  • coeliac trunk (foregut organs)
  • superior mesenteric artery (midgut)
  • inferior mesenteric artery (hindgut)
84
Q

what does abdominal aorta bifurcate into

A

common iliac

internal and external iliac

85
Q

what is haematemesis

A

vomiting up blood

86
Q

what does haematemesis usually come from

A

peptic ulcer

oesophageal varices

87
Q

hepatic portal

A

drains blood form absorptive part to liver for cleaning

88
Q

systemic venous system

A

drains blood from all other organs to superior or inferior vena cava

89
Q

splenic vein

A

drains blood from foregut to hepatic portal vein

90
Q

superior mesenteric vein

A

drains blood form midgut to hepatic portal vein

91
Q

inferior mesenteric vein

A

drains blood from hindgut

92
Q

what can portal hypertension cause

A

varicose veins due to larger volume of blood thorough them causing them to dilate

93
Q

what is a hernia

A

any structure passing through another ending up in the wrong place

94
Q

muscles from superficial to deep

A
  • external oblique
  • internal oblique
  • transversus abdominus
95
Q

what is entrance of inguinal canal

A

deep inguinal ring

96
Q

exit of inguinal canal

A

superficial inguinal ring

97
Q

what does inguinal canal contains

A
  • spermatic cord - males
  • round ligament of uterus - female
  • blood and lymphatic vessels
  • ilioinguinal nerve
98
Q

what occur week 7 in formation of inguinal canal

A
  • descend of testes to scrotum

goes through all 3 muscle types

99
Q

what is gubernaculum

A

shorter and contracts connects testis to skin of body wall

100
Q

week 12 formation of inguinal canal

A

gubernaculum contracts and peritoneum follows causing a dip

101
Q

9th month formation of inguinal canal

A

vaginal process has descended to skin beside testis

102
Q

what is testis sensitive to

A

heat

103
Q

layers abdominal wall to spermatic cord layers

A

SUPERFICIAL
- subcutaneous tissue becomes dartos muscle
- external oblique becomes external spermatic fascia
- internal oblique becomes cremaster muscle
- fascia of deep surfaces becomes cremasteric fascia
- transversus abdomens becomes noting
- transversals fascia becomes internal spermatic cord
- peritoneum becomes vestige of processes vaginalis
DEEP

104
Q

what is hesselbachs triangle

A

inguinal triangle

105
Q

what is hesselbachs triangle site of

A

direct inguinal herniation

106
Q

what is site of indirect inguinal herniation

A

deep inguinal rings

107
Q

what is the tongue split into

A
  • anterior 2/3

- posterior 1/3

108
Q

what is the intrinsic muscle of the tongue

A

CN XII - hypoglossal nerve

109
Q

what supplies taste at anterior 2/3

A

CN V3 - mandibular branch of the trigeminal

110
Q

what supplies taste at posterior 1/3

A

CN VII facial nerve (chorda tympani branch)

111
Q

where does the oesophagus run

A

posterior to the trachea and anterior to the vertebral column

112
Q

what are the layers of muscle in oesophagus

A
  • outer longitudinal

- inner circular

113
Q

what innervates the diaphragm

A

C3,4,5 = phrenic

114
Q

what is aponeurosis

A

big flattened tendon

115
Q

what is hiatus

A

holes

116
Q

where is caval hiatus

A

T8

117
Q

what level is oesophageal hiatus

A

T10

118
Q

what level is aortic hiatus

A

T12

119
Q

in males where would ascites drain

A

rectovesical pouch

120
Q

where does greater omentum come off

A

greater curvature

121
Q

what does lesser omentum atttach

A

liver to stomach at lesser curvature

122
Q

what do parietal cells secrete

A
  • gastric acid (HCl)

- intrinsic factor (B12 absorption)

123
Q

what do G cells secrete

A

gastrin

124
Q

what does gastrin do

A

stimulates parietal cells to secrete HCl

125
Q

what does chief cells secrete

A

pepsin

126
Q

where does coeliac artery come off at

A

T12

127
Q

what level does superior mesenteric artery come off at

A

L1

128
Q

what level does inferior mesenteric artery come off

A

L3

129
Q

where does the inferior mesenteric vein drain to

A

the splenic vein and hepatic portal vein

GI (50 decks)

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