cirrhosis Flashcards
what does cirrhosis lead to
- portal hypertension
- liver failure
what is most common cause
alcohol
what are causes of cirrhosis
- alcohol
- hepatitis
- NAFLD
- PBC
- Wilsons
- alpha-1 anitrypsin deficiency
- cystic fibrosis
what does chronic liver injury result in
- inflammation
- matrix deposition
- necrosis
- angiogenesis.
lead to fibrosis
what does liver injury with apoptosis release
cell contents and reactive oxygen species
what do reactive oxygen species activate
- hepatic stellate cells
- tissue macrophages
what pro-inflammatory mediators are released
- transforming growth factor-beta
leading to transdifferentiation of stellate cells to myofibroblasts
how do macrophages degrade scar matrix
by secreting matrix metalloproteins
what is only available treatment for liver failure
liver transplant
what are characteristics of cirrhosis
- regenerating modules separated by fibrous septa
- loss of lobar architecture within nodules
how to test severity
LFT
serum electrolytes
biomarkers
imaging
- ultrasound
- CT
- endoscopy MRI
what does ultrasound show
- changes in size and shape
- fatty change
what does CT show
- hepatosplenomegaly
- dilated collaterals
what does endoscopy show
- detection and treatment of varices and portal hypertensive gastropathy
