Overview Of The Adaptive Immune Sytem Flashcards
How does the adaptive immune system recognise pathogens?
PAMPs
Danger hypothesis - T cells only react if co-stimulated by CD28 (DAMPs)
Recognition of opposition
Autoimmunity
What happens when you don’t have lymphocytes?
Allows opportunistic infection that gets through the immune defences that should control it
What are some examples of B cell deficiency/ defect syndromes?
Congenital agammaglobulinaemia
Common variable immunodeficiency
Novel biologics
What are some examples of T cell deficiency/ defect syndromes?
Severe combined immunodeficiency
Digeorge syndrome
What are the bridging cells between innate and adaptive immune responses?
Memory NK cells,
Invariant NKT cells
MAIT
What is a lymphocytes morphology?
White cell (small w/ large nucleus)
What is a lymphocytes lineage?
T and B cells
Where do you find lymphocytes?
Tissue resident memory cells
Marginal zone B cells
What are the lymphocyte receptors?
IgCa
What do TH1 lymphocytes produce?
IL-2
IFN-gamma
What do TH2 lymphocytes produce?
IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10
How does clonal selection and adaptive immunity work for B cells?
One cell produced one Ig that is defined by their antibody
How does clonal selection and adaptive immunity work for T cells?
Selection and expansion of that clone with or without differentiation
What are MHC-1s recognised by?
CD8 T cells through their TCR
Crucial to defence against the virus
What do specialised APC processes and peptide in MHC-2 do?
Binds to TCR on CD4 T cells
What must positive T cell thymic selection do?
bind to MHC
What is negative T cell thymic selection?
Must not bind to self peptides
What are TEM cells?
Effector memory cells
What is the doubling time of TEM?
15 days
What is a TCM?
Central memory cell
What is the TCM doubling time?
About 48 days
What is a Treg?
Regulatory T cell
What do Tregs do?
Control the response of other T cells
What does antigen recognition lead to in B cells?
Proliferation and differentiation
What do plasma cells produce?
Antibodies
CD27+ memory B cells
