Antibiotics Flashcards
What are antibiotics?
Natural product of fungi and bacteria
What are the principles of antibiotics as theraputic agents?
Selective toxicity
Theraputic margin
What is the theraputic margin?
Difference between active dose and toxic effect
What is selective toxicity?
Differences in structure and metabolic pathways between host and pathogen
What does microbial antagonism do?
Maintains flora- complex interactions and competition between flora
What does antibiotic + immunity lead to?
Bacterial clearance
How are antibiotics classified?
Type of activity
Structure
Target site for activity
What are the types of antibiotic activity?
Bactericidal
Bacteriostatic
Broad-spectrum or narrow spectrum
What is bactericidal?
Kills bacteria
What is bacteriostatic?
Inhibit bacteria
What are the types of penicillins?
Basic Anti-staphylococcal Broader spectrum Anti-pseudomonas Beta-lactam/lactamase inhibitor combinations
What is an example of an anti-staphylococcal penicillin?
Flucloxacillin
What is an example of a broader spectrum penicillin?
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
What is an example of an anti-pseudomonas penicillin?
Piperacillin
What is an example of a beta-lactam/lactamase inhibitor combination penicillin?
Co-amoxiclav/augmentin
What antibiotics target cell wall synthesis?
Cycloserine Vancomycin, Teichoplanin Bacitracin Penicillins Cephalosporins Monobactams Carbapenems
What antibiotics are free radicals?
Metronidazole
nitrofurantoin
What antibiotics target 50s protein synthesis?
Erythromycin
What antibiotics target 30s protein synthesis?
Streptomycin
What antibiotics target the cell membrane?
Daptomycin
What antibiotics target folic acid metabolism?
Trimethoprim
Sulfonamides
What is the process of bacterial cell wall synthesis?
Synthesis of cell wall precursors
Synthesis of new cell wall subunits attached to lipid carrier
Attachment of new wall unit to the growing peptidoglycan
Why wouldn’t beta-lactam antibiotics work for mycoplasma pneumoniae?
Doesn’t have a peptidoglycan
When do you use antibiotics?
Treatment of bacterial infections
Prophylaxis
How do you work out antibiotic dose?
Minimum inhibitory clearance
What does the minimum inhibitory clearance depend on?
Age, weight, renal and liver function and severity of infection
