Antibacterial Responses Flashcards

1
Q

What are the features of a bacterial infection?

A

Live and replicate in extracellular spaces

Disease (generally) caused by the toxins

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2
Q

What are the key steps in infection?

A

Entry
invasion and colonisation of host tissue
Evasion of immunity
Tissue damage

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3
Q

What are the two types of defensins?

A

Alpha

Beta

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4
Q

What are alpha defensins secreted by?

A

Neutrophils and paneth cells

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5
Q

What are beta defensins secreted by?

A

Broad range of epithelial cells

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6
Q

What is complement?

A

Serum and cell surface proteins that interact with one another to generate products that eliminate extracellular bacteria

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7
Q

What are the complement pathways?

A

Classical
Lectin
Alternative

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8
Q

What activates the classical pathway?

A

Antibodies

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9
Q

What activates the lectin pathway?

A

Carbohydrates

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10
Q

What activates the alternative pathway?

A

Specific PAMPs

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11
Q

What does complement cause?

A

Inflammation, lysis and opsonisation

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12
Q

What is it called when neutrophils phagocytose gut bacteria?

A

Neutrophils extracellular traps

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13
Q

How do toxins work?

A

Binds to cellular receptors
Endocytosis of toxin/receptor complexes
Dissociation of toxin to release active chain, poisoning cell

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14
Q

How is the complement cascade triggered?

A

IgM bound to the surface of a bacterium binds to a complement component
Causes the bacterial cell surface to be Coated in C3b, facilitating phagocytosis

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15
Q

What does the MHC class II pathway present?

A

Bacterial antigens derived from extracellular infections to helper T cells

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