Molecular Epidemiology Of Pathogens Flashcards
What is molecular epidemiology of pathogens?
A resolved measure of differences that determines:
Disease distribution in time and place
Disease transmission, manifestation and progression
How can you measure diversity?
Single weighting,
additive weighting,
multiple weighting
What is single weighting?
Presence or absence
What is additive weighting?
Combination of single tests
What are the types of multiple weighting?
Factorial
Functional
Temporal
What is factorial multiple weighting?
Presence or absence of a gene relative to a location in the genome
What does functional weighting detect?
Type of substitution - phylogenetic progression
What is a dendogram?
Phylogenetic tree that also represents time
What does temporal multiple weighting produce?
A dendogram
What factors affect the speed of the molecular clock?
Bacterial replication rate
DNA or RNA polymerase proof reading fidelity
Selection pressure from the host or environment
Degree of redundancy in the genome
Transmission rate
Why does bacterial replication rate affect the speed of the molecular clock?
Higher mutation rate
How does redundancy degree affect the speed of the molecular clock?
Multiple copies allow for mutation without changing overall functionality
Movement or recombination within genome may not affect phenotype
What is convergent evolution?
Changes that revert genes back to an older profile
What is antigenic shift?
Genes being replaced completely
What are epidemiological associations?
Transmission
Resovoirs of ingestion
Spread or emergence of resistance
