Other endocrine

Question 1

Cortisone

Answer 1

Glucocorticoid mimics cortisone

Question 2

Fludrocortisone

Answer 2

Mineralocorticoid

Mimic aldosterone.
Causes tubules of kidneys to retain Na+ and water, ↑ blood
volume + BP
» Part of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)

Question 3

Hydrocortisone

Answer 3

Glucocorticoid

Mimics cortisone

Question 4

Goserelin

Answer 4

Gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonist

GnRH initially stimulates synthesis of FSH and LH; continuous administration of GnRH agonists inhibits gonadotrophin production, suppressing ovarian and testicular steroidogenesis.

Question 5

Nafarelin

Answer 5

Gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonist

GnRH initially stimulates synthesis of FSH and LH; continuous administration of GnRH agonists inhibits gonadotrophin production, suppressing ovarian and testicular steroidogenesis.

Question 6

Triptorelin

Answer 6

Gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonist

GnRH initially stimulates synthesis of FSH and LH; continuous administration of GnRH agonists inhibits gonadotrophin production, suppressing ovarian and testicular steroidogenesis.

Question 7

Clomifene

Answer 7

Competitively antagonises estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus. This interferes with normal negative feedback mechanisms and increases the release of pituitary gonadotrophins, especially LH, inducing ovulation.

Question 8

Testosterone (Men)

Answer 8

Binds to and activates androgen receptors that regulate androgen-responsive genes involved in the development and maintenance of masculine sexual characteristics. It also affects libido and has systemic anabolic effects.

In male hypogonadism, androgen replacement with testosterone is important to prevent long-term complications, such as fragility fractures, and to maintain sexual function and overall wellbeing.

Question 9

Testosterone (women)

Answer 9

Testosterone has direct androgenic effects; some testosterone is aromatised to estrogen. The exact role of androgens in sexual function and libido post menopause is not established.

Question 10

Argipressin

Answer 10

Increases tubular reabsorption of water. Vasoconstrictor.

Question 11

Demeclocycline

Answer 11

Antagonises the effect of antidiuretic hormone on renal tubules, promoting excretion of free water.

Question 12

Desmopressin

Answer 12

Increases tubular reabsorption of water; increases factor VIII and von Willebrand’s factor coagulation activity.

Question 13

Terlipressin

Answer 13

Vasoconstrictor.

Question 14

Somatrogon

Answer 14

Growth hormone

Promotes growth of skeletal, muscular and other tissues; stimulates protein synthesis and influences fat, carbohydrate and mineral metabolism.

Question 15

Somatropin

Answer 15

Growth hormone

Promotes growth of skeletal, muscular and other tissues; stimulates protein synthesis and influences fat, carbohydrate and mineral metabolism.

Question 16

Phenoxybenzamine

Answer 16

Nonselective alpha blocker

Block the effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline at alpha1 and alpha2 receptors. Arterial and venous vasodilation is due to blockade of postsynaptic alpha1 receptors and inhibition of catecholamine-mediated vasoconstriction. Blockade of presynaptic alpha2 receptors results in increased noradrenaline release and enhances reflex tachycardia.

Question 17

Phentolamine

Answer 17

Nonselective alpha-blockers

Block the effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline at alpha1 and alpha2 receptors. Arterial and venous vasodilation is due to blockade of postsynaptic alpha1 receptors and inhibition of catecholamine-mediated vasoconstriction. Blockade of presynaptic alpha2 receptors results in increased noradrenaline release and enhances reflex tachycardia.

Question 18

Lanreotide

Answer 18

Somatostatin analogues

Inhibit release of growth hormone and of various peptides of the gastroenteropancreatic endocrine system (including insulin); have a more prolonged duration of action than somatostatin (natural growth hormone inhibiting peptide). Reduce splanchnic blood flow.

Question 19

Octreotide

Answer 19

Somatostatin analogues
Inhibit release of growth hormone and of various peptides of the gastroenteropancreatic endocrine system (including insulin); have a more prolonged duration of action than somatostatin (natural growth hormone inhibiting peptide). Reduce splanchnic blood flow.