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Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Amikacin

A

Aminoglycoside

Inhibit protein synthesis by irreversibly binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit and causing cell membrane damage. Concentration-dependent bactericidal effect.

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2
Q

Gentamicin

A

Aminoglycoside

Inhibit protein synthesis by irreversibly binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit and causing cell membrane damage. Concentration-dependent bactericidal effect.

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3
Q

Tobramycin

A

Aminoglycoside

Inhibit protein synthesis by irreversibly binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit and causing cell membrane damage. Concentration-dependent bactericidal effect.

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4
Q

Ertapenem

A

Carbapenem

Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, the affinities for which differ between the carbapenems and may affect their activity in vitro; usually bactericidal.

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5
Q

Imipenem

A

Carbapenem

Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, the affinities for which differ between the carbapenems and may affect their activity in vitro; usually bactericidal.

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6
Q

Cilastatin

A

SAS product

Inhibits renal dehydropeptidase I, preventing the inactivation of imipenem and increasing its concentration in urine.

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7
Q

Meropenem

A

Carbapenem

Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, the affinities for which differ between the carbapenems and may affect their activity in vitro; usually bactericidal.

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8
Q

Cefaclor

A

Second generation Cephalosporin

Interfere with bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, eventually leading to cell lysis and death; bactericidal

Moderate spectrum

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9
Q

Cefalexin

A

First generation Cephalosporin

Interfere with bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, eventually leading to cell lysis and death; bactericidal

Moderate spectrum

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10
Q

Cefazolin

A

First generation Cephalosporin

Interfere with bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, eventually leading to cell lysis and death; bactericidal

Moderate spectrum

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11
Q

Cefepime

A

Fourth generation Cephalosporin

Interfere with bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, eventually leading to cell lysis and death; bactericidal

Broad spectrum

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12
Q

Cefotaxime

A

Third generation Cephalosporin

Interfere with bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, eventually leading to cell lysis and death; bactericidal

Broad spectrum

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13
Q

Cefoxitin

A

Second generation Cephalosporin

Interfere with bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, eventually leading to cell lysis and death; bactericidal

Moderate spectrum

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14
Q

Ceftaroline

A

Fifth generation Cephalosporin

Interfere with bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, eventually leading to cell lysis and death; bactericidal

Broad spectrum

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15
Q

Ceftazidime

A

Third generation Cephalosporin

Interfere with bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, eventually leading to cell lysis and death; bactericidal

Broad spectrum

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16
Q

Ceftazidime with avibactam

A

Cephalosporin + B-lactamase inhibitor

Interfere with bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, eventually leading to cell lysis and death; bactericidal

Avibactam inhibits beta-lactamase, which extends the spectrum of activity of ceftazidime to cover many beta-lactamase-producing organisms.

Broad spectrum

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17
Q

Ceftolozane with tazobactam

A

Cephalosporin + B-lactamase inhibitor

Interfere with bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, eventually leading to cell lysis and death; bactericidal

Tazobactam inhibits beta-lactamase, which extends the spectrum of activity of ceftolozane to cover many beta-lactamase-producing organisms.

Broad spectrum

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18
Q

Ceftriaxone

A

Third generation Cephalosporin

Interfere with bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, eventually leading to cell lysis and death; bactericidal

Broad spectrum

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19
Q

Cefuroxime

A

Second generation Cephalosporin

Interfere with bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, eventually leading to cell lysis and death; bactericidal

Moderate spectrum

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20
Q

Teicopanin

A

Glycopeptide

Bactericidal; inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by preventing formation of peptidoglycan polymers.

Narrow spectrum

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21
Q

Vancomycin

A

Glycopeptide

Bactericidal; inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by preventing formation of peptidoglycan polymers.

Narrow spectrum

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22
Q

Azithromycin

A

Macrolide

Bacteriostatic; inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit. They also have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects.

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23
Q

Clarithromycin

A

Macrolide

Bacteriostatic; inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit. They also have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects.

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24
Q

Erythromycin

A

Macrolide

Bacteriostatic; inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit. They also have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects.

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25
Roxithromycin
Macrolide Bacteriostatic; inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit. They also have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects.
26
Amoxicillin
Aminopenicillin Bactericidal; interfere with bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, eventually leading to cell lysis and death. Moderate spectrum
27
Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid
Aminopenicillin + B-lactamase inhibitor Bactericidal; interfere with bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, eventually leading to cell lysis and death. Bactericidal; interfere with bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, eventually leading to cell lysis and death. Broad spectrum
28
Ampicillin
Aminopenicillin Bactericidal; interfere with bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, eventually leading to cell lysis and death. Moderate spectrum
29
Benzathine benzylpenicillin
Natural Penicillin IM version of Benzylpenicillin Bactericidal; interfere with bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, eventually leading to cell lysis and death. Narrow spectrum
30
Benzylpenicillin/ Penicillin G
Natural penicillin Bactericidal; interfere with bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, eventually leading to cell lysis and death. Moderate spectrum
31
Dicloxacillin
Anti-staphylococcal penicillin Bactericidal; interfere with bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, eventually leading to cell lysis and death. Narrow spectrum
32
Flucloxacillin
Anti-staphylococcal penicillin Bactericidal; interfere with bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, eventually leading to cell lysis and death. Narrow spectrum
33
Phenoxymethylpenicillin/ Penicillin V
Natural penicillin Bactericidal; interfere with bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, eventually leading to cell lysis and death. Narrow spectrum
34
Piperacillin with tazobactam
Extended-spectrum penicillin Bactericidal; interfere with bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, eventually leading to cell lysis and death. Broad spectrum
35
Ciprofloxacin
Quinolones Bactericidal; inhibit bacterial DNA synthesis by blocking DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV.
36
Moxifloxacin
Quinolones Bactericidal; inhibit bacterial DNA synthesis by blocking DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV.
37
Norfloxacin
Quinolones Bactericidal; inhibit bacterial DNA synthesis by blocking DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV.
38
Rifabutin
Rifamycin Inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase; bactericidal against rapidly dividing M. tuberculosis and active against those which are semi-dormant (intracellular organisms).
39
Rifampicin
Rifamycin Inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase; bactericidal against rapidly dividing M. tuberculosis and active against those which are semi-dormant (intracellular organisms).
40
Rifaximin
Rifamycin Inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase; has a local effect on GI flora that produce toxins that cause encephalopathy.
41
Doxycycline
Tetracycline Bacteriostatic; inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by reversibly binding to 30S subunit of the ribosome. Effect in acne vulgaris and rosacea also involves mechanisms other than antimicrobial activity.
42
Minocycline
Tetracycline Bacteriostatic; inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by reversibly binding to 30S subunit of the ribosome. Effect in acne vulgaris and rosacea also involves mechanisms other than antimicrobial activity.
43
Tetracycline
Tetracycline Bacteriostatic; inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by reversibly binding to 30S subunit of the ribosome. Effect in acne vulgaris and rosacea also involves mechanisms other than antimicrobial activity.
44
Capreomycin
Antimycobacterial SAS product Exact mechanism unknown. Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the bacterial ribosome. Bacteriostatic against M. tuberculosis.
45
Clodazimine
Antimycobacterial SAS Product Unclear (may affect electron transport); has antimycobacterial (eg against M. leprae and M. tuberculosis) and anti-inflammatory activity; it also has immunosuppressive effects.
46
Cycloserine
Antimycobacterial SAS Product Broad-spectrum antibacterial that interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis by inhibiting conversion of L‑alanine to D‑alanine. May be bactericidal or bacteriostatic against M. tuberculosis.
47
Dapsone
Antimycobacterial Probably blocks folic acid synthesis (like the sulfonamides); may act as an immunomodulator in treatment of skin diseases.
48
Ethambutol
Antimycobacterial May inhibit incorporation of mycolic acid into the mycobacterial cell wall. It is slowly bacteriostatic against M. tuberculosis.
49
Isoniazid
Antimycobacterial May involve inhibiting synthesis of mycolic acids, constituents of the mycobacterial cell wall. It is bactericidal against actively dividing M. tuberculosis and bacteriostatic against resting bacteria; it is active against intra‑ and extracellular organisms.
50
Pyrazinamide
Antimycobacterial Bactericidal against M. tuberculosis in acid pH (inactive against non-tuberculous mycobacteria); active against bacteria within macrophage; activity declines with time (pH increases as inflammation decreases).
51
Streptomycin
Aminoglycoside/ antimycobacterial Bactericidal against M. tuberculosis.
52
Aztreonam
Monobactam Bactericidal; inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding protein 3 of Gram-negative bacteria.
53
Colistin/ polymyxin E
Bactericidal; interacts with lipopolysaccharides in the outer bacterial membrane changing its permeability.
54
Fidaxomicin
Macrocyclic Bactericidal; inhibits bacterial RNA synthesis by binding to RNA polymerase.
54
Daptomycin
This cyclic lipopeptide inserts into Gram-positive bacterial cytoplasmic membranes in the presence of calcium, causing depolarisation, potassium efflux (impairing potassium-dependent DNA, RNA and protein synthesis) and cell death.
55
Fosfomycin
Bactericidal; Inhibits the first step of bacterial cell wall synthesis
56
Linezolid
Oxazolidinone Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit and preventing formation of a functional 70S complex.
57
Methenamine hippurate
Hydrolysed in acidic pH to ammonia and formaldehyde, which is bactericidal against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi in vitro.
58
Metronidazole
Metabolised to active metabolites that are thought to interfere with DNA synthesis.
59
Nitrofurantoin
Inhibits bacterial protein, DNA, RNA and cell wall synthesis.
60
Sodium fusidate/ Fusidic acid
Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by preventing translocation of peptide subunits on the bacterial ribosome.
61
Sulfadiazine
Bacteriostatic; competitively inhibits bacterial folate production essential for bacterial growth.
62
Tigecycline
Glycylcycline (tetracycline derivative) Binds to 30S ribosomal subunit preventing incorporation of amino acids into bacterial peptides; bacteriostatic.
63
Trimethoprim
Bacteriostatic; competitively inhibits bacterial folate production essential for bacterial growth.
64
Trimethoprim with sulfamethoxazole
Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim are bacteriostatic; they competitively inhibit bacterial folate production essential for bacterial growth.

Drugs (42 decks)

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