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Drugs > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Amikacin

A

Aminoglycoside

Inhibit protein synthesis by irreversibly binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit and causing cell membrane damage. Concentration-dependent bactericidal effect.

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2
Q

Gentamicin

A

Aminoglycoside

Inhibit protein synthesis by irreversibly binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit and causing cell membrane damage. Concentration-dependent bactericidal effect.

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3
Q

Tobramycin

A

Aminoglycoside

Inhibit protein synthesis by irreversibly binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit and causing cell membrane damage. Concentration-dependent bactericidal effect.

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4
Q

Ertapenem

A

Carbapenem

Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, the affinities for which differ between the carbapenems and may affect their activity in vitro; usually bactericidal.

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5
Q

Imipenem

A

Carbapenem

Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, the affinities for which differ between the carbapenems and may affect their activity in vitro; usually bactericidal.

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6
Q

Cilastatin

A

SAS product

Inhibits renal dehydropeptidase I, preventing the inactivation of imipenem and increasing its concentration in urine.

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7
Q

Meropenem

A

Carbapenem

Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, the affinities for which differ between the carbapenems and may affect their activity in vitro; usually bactericidal.

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8
Q

Cefaclor

A

Second generation Cephalosporin

Interfere with bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, eventually leading to cell lysis and death; bactericidal

Moderate spectrum

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9
Q

Cefalexin

A

First generation Cephalosporin

Interfere with bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, eventually leading to cell lysis and death; bactericidal

Moderate spectrum

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10
Q

Cefazolin

A

First generation Cephalosporin

Interfere with bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, eventually leading to cell lysis and death; bactericidal

Moderate spectrum

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11
Q

Cefepime

A

Fourth generation Cephalosporin

Interfere with bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, eventually leading to cell lysis and death; bactericidal

Broad spectrum

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12
Q

Cefotaxime

A

Third generation Cephalosporin

Interfere with bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, eventually leading to cell lysis and death; bactericidal

Broad spectrum

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13
Q

Cefoxitin

A

Second generation Cephalosporin

Interfere with bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, eventually leading to cell lysis and death; bactericidal

Moderate spectrum

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14
Q

Ceftaroline

A

Fifth generation Cephalosporin

Interfere with bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, eventually leading to cell lysis and death; bactericidal

Broad spectrum

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15
Q

Ceftazidime

A

Third generation Cephalosporin

Interfere with bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, eventually leading to cell lysis and death; bactericidal

Broad spectrum

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16
Q

Ceftazidime with avibactam

A

Cephalosporin + B-lactamase inhibitor

Interfere with bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, eventually leading to cell lysis and death; bactericidal

Avibactam inhibits beta-lactamase, which extends the spectrum of activity of ceftazidime to cover many beta-lactamase-producing organisms.

Broad spectrum

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17
Q

Ceftolozane with tazobactam

A

Cephalosporin + B-lactamase inhibitor

Interfere with bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, eventually leading to cell lysis and death; bactericidal

Tazobactam inhibits beta-lactamase, which extends the spectrum of activity of ceftolozane to cover many beta-lactamase-producing organisms.

Broad spectrum

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18
Q

Ceftriaxone

A

Third generation Cephalosporin

Interfere with bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, eventually leading to cell lysis and death; bactericidal

Broad spectrum

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19
Q

Cefuroxime

A

Second generation Cephalosporin

Interfere with bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, eventually leading to cell lysis and death; bactericidal

Moderate spectrum

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20
Q

Teicopanin

A

Glycopeptide

Bactericidal; inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by preventing formation of peptidoglycan polymers.

Narrow spectrum

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21
Q

Vancomycin

A

Glycopeptide

Bactericidal; inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by preventing formation of peptidoglycan polymers.

Narrow spectrum

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22
Q

Azithromycin

A

Macrolide

Bacteriostatic; inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit. They also have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects.

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23
Q

Clarithromycin

A

Macrolide

Bacteriostatic; inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit. They also have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects.

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24
Q

Erythromycin

A

Macrolide

Bacteriostatic; inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit. They also have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects.

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25
Q

Roxithromycin

A

Macrolide

Bacteriostatic; inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit. They also have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects.

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26
Q

Amoxicillin

A

Aminopenicillin

Bactericidal; interfere with bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, eventually leading to cell lysis and death.

Moderate spectrum

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27
Q

Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid

A

Aminopenicillin + B-lactamase inhibitor

Bactericidal; interfere with bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, eventually leading to cell lysis and death.

Bactericidal; interfere with bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, eventually leading to cell lysis and death.

Broad spectrum

28
Q

Ampicillin

A

Aminopenicillin

Bactericidal; interfere with bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, eventually leading to cell lysis and death.

Moderate spectrum

29
Q

Benzathine benzylpenicillin

A

Natural Penicillin

IM version of Benzylpenicillin

Bactericidal; interfere with bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, eventually leading to cell lysis and death.

Narrow spectrum

30
Q

Benzylpenicillin/ Penicillin G

A

Natural penicillin

Bactericidal; interfere with bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, eventually leading to cell lysis and death.

Moderate spectrum

31
Q

Dicloxacillin

A

Anti-staphylococcal penicillin

Bactericidal; interfere with bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, eventually leading to cell lysis and death.

Narrow spectrum

32
Q

Flucloxacillin

A

Anti-staphylococcal penicillin

Bactericidal; interfere with bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, eventually leading to cell lysis and death.

Narrow spectrum

33
Q

Phenoxymethylpenicillin/ Penicillin V

A

Natural penicillin

Bactericidal; interfere with bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, eventually leading to cell lysis and death.

Narrow spectrum

34
Q

Piperacillin with tazobactam

A

Extended-spectrum
penicillin

Bactericidal; interfere with bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, eventually leading to cell lysis and death.

Broad spectrum

35
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

Quinolones

Bactericidal; inhibit bacterial DNA synthesis by blocking DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV.

36
Q

Moxifloxacin

A

Quinolones

Bactericidal; inhibit bacterial DNA synthesis by blocking DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV.

37
Q

Norfloxacin

A

Quinolones

Bactericidal; inhibit bacterial DNA synthesis by blocking DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV.

38
Q

Rifabutin

A

Rifamycin

Inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase; bactericidal against rapidly dividing M. tuberculosis and active against those which are semi-dormant (intracellular organisms).

39
Q

Rifampicin

A

Rifamycin

Inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase; bactericidal against rapidly dividing M. tuberculosis and active against those which are semi-dormant (intracellular organisms).

40
Q

Rifaximin

A

Rifamycin

Inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase; has a local effect on GI flora that produce toxins that cause encephalopathy.

41
Q

Doxycycline

A

Tetracycline

Bacteriostatic; inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by reversibly binding to 30S subunit of the ribosome.

Effect in acne vulgaris and rosacea also involves mechanisms other than antimicrobial activity.

42
Q

Minocycline

A

Tetracycline

Bacteriostatic; inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by reversibly binding to 30S subunit of the ribosome.

Effect in acne vulgaris and rosacea also involves mechanisms other than antimicrobial activity.

43
Q

Tetracycline

A

Tetracycline

Bacteriostatic; inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by reversibly binding to 30S subunit of the ribosome.

Effect in acne vulgaris and rosacea also involves mechanisms other than antimicrobial activity.

44
Q

Capreomycin

A

Antimycobacterial

SAS product

Exact mechanism unknown. Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the bacterial ribosome. Bacteriostatic against M. tuberculosis.

45
Q

Clodazimine

A

Antimycobacterial

SAS Product

Unclear (may affect electron transport); has antimycobacterial (eg against M. leprae and M. tuberculosis) and anti-inflammatory activity; it also has immunosuppressive effects.

46
Q

Cycloserine

A

Antimycobacterial

SAS Product

Broad-spectrum antibacterial that interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis by inhibiting conversion of L‑alanine to D‑alanine. May be bactericidal or bacteriostatic against M. tuberculosis.

47
Q

Dapsone

A

Antimycobacterial

Probably blocks folic acid synthesis (like the sulfonamides); may act as an immunomodulator in treatment of skin diseases.

48
Q

Ethambutol

A

Antimycobacterial

May inhibit incorporation of mycolic acid into the mycobacterial cell wall. It is slowly bacteriostatic against M. tuberculosis.

49
Q

Isoniazid

A

Antimycobacterial

May involve inhibiting synthesis of mycolic acids, constituents of the mycobacterial cell wall. It is bactericidal against actively dividing M. tuberculosis and bacteriostatic against resting bacteria; it is active against intra‑ and extracellular organisms.

50
Q

Pyrazinamide

A

Antimycobacterial

Bactericidal against M. tuberculosis in acid pH (inactive against non-tuberculous mycobacteria); active against bacteria within macrophage; activity declines with time (pH increases as inflammation decreases).

51
Q

Streptomycin

A

Aminoglycoside/ antimycobacterial

Bactericidal against M. tuberculosis.

52
Q

Aztreonam

A

Monobactam

Bactericidal; inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding protein 3 of Gram-negative bacteria.

53
Q

Colistin/ polymyxin E

A

Bactericidal; interacts with lipopolysaccharides in the outer bacterial membrane changing its permeability.

54
Q

Fidaxomicin

A

Macrocyclic

Bactericidal; inhibits bacterial RNA synthesis by binding to RNA polymerase.

54
Q

Daptomycin

A

This cyclic lipopeptide inserts into Gram-positive bacterial cytoplasmic membranes in the presence of calcium, causing depolarisation, potassium efflux (impairing potassium-dependent DNA, RNA and protein synthesis) and cell death.

55
Q

Fosfomycin

A

Bactericidal; Inhibits the first step of bacterial cell wall synthesis

56
Q

Linezolid

A

Oxazolidinone

Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit and preventing formation of a functional 70S complex.

57
Q

Methenamine hippurate

A

Hydrolysed in acidic pH to ammonia and formaldehyde, which is bactericidal against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi in vitro.

58
Q

Metronidazole

A

Metabolised to active metabolites that are thought to interfere with DNA synthesis.

59
Q

Nitrofurantoin

A

Inhibits bacterial protein, DNA, RNA and cell wall synthesis.

60
Q

Sodium fusidate/ Fusidic acid

A

Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by preventing translocation of peptide subunits on the bacterial ribosome.

61
Q

Sulfadiazine

A

Bacteriostatic; competitively inhibits bacterial folate production essential for bacterial growth.

62
Q

Tigecycline

A

Glycylcycline (tetracycline derivative)

Binds to 30S ribosomal subunit preventing incorporation of amino acids into bacterial peptides; bacteriostatic.

63
Q

Trimethoprim

A

Bacteriostatic; competitively inhibits bacterial folate production essential for bacterial growth.

64
Q

Trimethoprim with sulfamethoxazole

A

Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim are bacteriostatic; they competitively inhibit bacterial folate production essential for bacterial growth.

Drugs (42 decks)

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