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Drugs > Antihypertensives > Flashcards

Antihypertensives Flashcards

1
Q

Chlortalidone

A

Thaizide diuretic

Moderately potent diuretics; they inhibit reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the proximal (diluting) segment of the distal convoluted tubule, increasing the delivery of sodium to the collecting tubules and producing a corresponding increase in potassium excretion.

When used in recommended low doses for hypertension, thiazides lower BP mostly by a vasodilator effect.

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2
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide

A

Thaizide diuretic

Moderately potent diuretics; they inhibit reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the proximal (diluting) segment of the distal convoluted tubule, increasing the delivery of sodium to the collecting tubules and producing a corresponding increase in potassium excretion.

When used in recommended low doses for hypertension, thiazides lower BP mostly by a vasodilator effect.

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3
Q

Amiloride

A

Potassium sparring diuretic

Amiloride is a weak potassium-sparing diuretic; it inhibits sodium reabsorption in the distal tubule by blocking sodium channels. As a result, it interferes with sodium/potassium exchange and reduces urinary potassium excretion.

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4
Q

Indapamide

A

Thaizide diuretic

Moderately potent diuretics; they inhibit reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the proximal (diluting) segment of the distal convoluted tubule, increasing the delivery of sodium to the collecting tubules and producing a corresponding increase in potassium excretion.

When used in recommended low doses for hypertension, thiazides lower BP mostly by a vasodilator effect.

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5
Q

Captopril

A

ACE inhibitors

ACE inhibitors block conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and also inhibit the breakdown of bradykinin. They reduce the effects of angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction, sodium retention and aldosterone release. They also reduce the effect of angiotensin II on sympathetic nervous activity and growth factors.

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6
Q

Enalapril

A

ACE inhibitors

ACE inhibitors block conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and also inhibit the breakdown of bradykinin. They reduce the effects of angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction, sodium retention and aldosterone release. They also reduce the effect of angiotensin II on sympathetic nervous activity and growth factors.

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7
Q

Fosinopril

A

ACE inhibitors

ACE inhibitors block conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and also inhibit the breakdown of bradykinin. They reduce the effects of angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction, sodium retention and aldosterone release. They also reduce the effect of angiotensin II on sympathetic nervous activity and growth factors.

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8
Q

Lisinopril

A

ACE inhibitors

ACE inhibitors block conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and also inhibit the breakdown of bradykinin. They reduce the effects of angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction, sodium retention and aldosterone release. They also reduce the effect of angiotensin II on sympathetic nervous activity and growth factors.

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9
Q

Perindopril

A

ACE inhibitors

ACE inhibitors block conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and also inhibit the breakdown of bradykinin. They reduce the effects of angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction, sodium retention and aldosterone release. They also reduce the effect of angiotensin II on sympathetic nervous activity and growth factors.

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10
Q

Quinapril

A

ACE inhibitors

ACE inhibitors block conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and also inhibit the breakdown of bradykinin. They reduce the effects of angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction, sodium retention and aldosterone release. They also reduce the effect of angiotensin II on sympathetic nervous activity and growth factors.

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11
Q

Ramipril

A

ACE inhibitors

ACE inhibitors block conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and also inhibit the breakdown of bradykinin. They reduce the effects of angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction, sodium retention and aldosterone release. They also reduce the effect of angiotensin II on sympathetic nervous activity and growth factors.

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12
Q

Tranolapril

A

ACE inhibitors

ACE inhibitors block conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and also inhibit the breakdown of bradykinin. They reduce the effects of angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction, sodium retention and aldosterone release. They also reduce the effect of angiotensin II on sympathetic nervous activity and growth factors.

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13
Q

Candesartan

A

ARB2 blocker/Sartan

Competitively block binding of angiotensin II to type 1 angiotensin (AT1) receptors. They reduce angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction, sodium reabsorption and aldosterone release. They also reduce the effect of angiotensin II on sympathetic nervous activity and growth factors.

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14
Q

Eprosartan

A

ARB2 blocker/Sartan

Competitively block binding of angiotensin II to type 1 angiotensin (AT1) receptors. They reduce angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction, sodium reabsorption and aldosterone release. They also reduce the effect of angiotensin II on sympathetic nervous activity and growth factors.

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15
Q

Irbesartan

A

ARB2 blocker/Sartan

Competitively block binding of angiotensin II to type 1 angiotensin (AT1) receptors. They reduce angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction, sodium reabsorption and aldosterone release. They also reduce the effect of angiotensin II on sympathetic nervous activity and growth factors.

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16
Q

Losartan

A

ARB2 blocker/Sartan

Competitively block binding of angiotensin II to type 1 angiotensin (AT1) receptors. They reduce angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction, sodium reabsorption and aldosterone release. They also reduce the effect of angiotensin II on sympathetic nervous activity and growth factors.

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17
Q

Olmesartan

A

ARB2 blocker/Sartan

Competitively block binding of angiotensin II to type 1 angiotensin (AT1) receptors. They reduce angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction, sodium reabsorption and aldosterone release. They also reduce the effect of angiotensin II on sympathetic nervous activity and growth factors.

18
Q

Telmisartan

A

ARB2 blocker/Sartan

Competitively block binding of angiotensin II to type 1 angiotensin (AT1) receptors. They reduce angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction, sodium reabsorption and aldosterone release. They also reduce the effect of angiotensin II on sympathetic nervous activity and growth factors.

19
Q

Valsartan

A

ARB2 blocker/Sartan

Competitively block binding of angiotensin II to type 1 angiotensin (AT1) receptors. They reduce angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction, sodium reabsorption and aldosterone release. They also reduce the effect of angiotensin II on sympathetic nervous activity and growth factors.

20
Q

Amlodipine

A

Dihydropyridine Calcium channel blocker

Dihydropyridines act mainly on arteriolar smooth muscle to reduce peripheral vascular resistance and BP. They have minimal effect on myocardial cells

Block inward current of calcium into cells in vascular smooth muscle, myocardium and cardiac conducting system via L‑type calcium channels.

Act on coronary arteriolar smooth muscle to reduce vascular resistance and myocardial oxygen requirements, relieving angina symptoms.

21
Q

Clevidipine

A

Dihydropyridine Calcium channel blocker

Dihydropyridines act mainly on arteriolar smooth muscle to reduce peripheral vascular resistance and BP. They have minimal effect on myocardial cells.

Block inward current of calcium into cells in vascular smooth muscle, myocardium and cardiac conducting system via L‑type calcium channels.

Act on coronary arteriolar smooth muscle to reduce vascular resistance and myocardial oxygen requirements, relieving angina symptoms.

22
Q

Diltiazem

A

Non-dihydropyridine Calcium channel blocker

Non-dihydropyridines: diltiazem and verapamil act on cardiac and arteriolar smooth muscle. They reduce cardiac contractility, heart rate and conduction, with verapamil having the greater effect. Diltiazem has a greater effect on arteriolar smooth muscle than verapamil.

Block inward current of calcium into cells in vascular smooth muscle, myocardium and cardiac conducting system via L‑type calcium channels.

Act on coronary arteriolar smooth muscle to reduce vascular resistance and myocardial oxygen requirements, relieving angina symptoms.

23
Q

Felodipine

A

Dihydropyridine Calcium channel blocker

Dihydropyridines act mainly on arteriolar smooth muscle to reduce peripheral vascular resistance and BP. They have minimal effect on myocardial cells.

Block inward current of calcium into cells in vascular smooth muscle, myocardium and cardiac conducting system via L‑type calcium channels.

Act on coronary arteriolar smooth muscle to reduce vascular resistance and myocardial oxygen requirements, relieving angina symptoms.

24
Q

Lercanidipine

A

Dihydropyridine Calcium channel blocker

Dihydropyridines act mainly on arteriolar smooth muscle to reduce peripheral vascular resistance and BP. They have minimal effect on myocardial cells.

Block inward current of calcium into cells in vascular smooth muscle, myocardium and cardiac conducting system via L‑type calcium channels.

Act on coronary arteriolar smooth muscle to reduce vascular resistance and myocardial oxygen requirements, relieving angina symptoms.

25
Q

Nifedipine

A

Dihydropyridine Calcium channel blocker

Dihydropyridines act mainly on arteriolar smooth muscle to reduce peripheral vascular resistance and BP. They have minimal effect on myocardial cells.

Block inward current of calcium into cells in vascular smooth muscle, myocardium and cardiac conducting system via L‑type calcium channels.

Act on coronary arteriolar smooth muscle to reduce vascular resistance and myocardial oxygen requirements, relieving angina symptoms.

26
Q

Nimodipine

A

Dihydropyridine Calcium channel blocker

Dihydropyridines act mainly on arteriolar smooth muscle to reduce peripheral vascular resistance and BP. They have minimal effect on myocardial cells.

Block inward current of calcium into cells in vascular smooth muscle, myocardium and cardiac conducting system via L‑type calcium channels.

Act on coronary arteriolar smooth muscle to reduce vascular resistance and myocardial oxygen requirements, relieving angina symptoms.

27
Q

Verapamil

A

Non-dihydropyridine Calcium channel blocker

Non-dihydropyridines: diltiazem and verapamil act on cardiac and arteriolar smooth muscle. They reduce cardiac contractility, heart rate and conduction, with verapamil having the greater effect. Diltiazem has a greater effect on arteriolar smooth muscle than verapamil.

Block inward current of calcium into cells in vascular smooth muscle, myocardium and cardiac conducting system via L‑type calcium channels.

Act on coronary arteriolar smooth muscle to reduce vascular resistance and myocardial oxygen requirements, relieving angina symptoms.

28
Q

Atenolol

A

Beta1 selective beta blocker

Competitively block beta receptors in heart, peripheral vasculature, bronchi, pancreas, uterus, kidney, brain and liver.

Beta-blockers reduce heart rate, BP and cardiac contractility; also depress sinus node rate and slow conduction through the atrioventricular (AV) node, and prolong atrial refractory periods.

29
Q

Bisoprolol

A

Beta1 selective beta blocker

Competitively block beta receptors in heart, peripheral vasculature, bronchi, pancreas, uterus, kidney, brain and liver.

Beta-blockers reduce heart rate, BP and cardiac contractility; also depress sinus node rate and slow conduction through the atrioventricular (AV) node, and prolong atrial refractory periods.

30
Q

Carvedilol

A

beta + alpha1 receptor blocker

Competitively block beta receptors in heart, peripheral vasculature, bronchi, pancreas, uterus, kidney, brain and liver.

Beta-blockers reduce heart rate, BP and cardiac contractility; also depress sinus node rate and slow conduction through the atrioventricular (AV) node, and prolong atrial refractory periods.

31
Q

Labetalol

A

Beta + alpha1 receptor blocker

Competitively block beta receptors in heart, peripheral vasculature, bronchi, pancreas, uterus, kidney, brain and liver.

Beta-blockers reduce heart rate, BP and cardiac contractility; also depress sinus node rate and slow conduction through the atrioventricular (AV) node, and prolong atrial refractory periods.

32
Q

Metoprolol

A

Beta1 selective beta blocker

Competitively block beta receptors in heart, peripheral vasculature, bronchi, pancreas, uterus, kidney, brain and liver.

Beta-blockers reduce heart rate, BP and cardiac contractility; also depress sinus node rate and slow conduction through the atrioventricular (AV) node, and prolong atrial refractory periods.

33
Q

Nebivolol

A

Beta1 selective beta blocker

Competitively block beta receptors in heart, peripheral vasculature, bronchi, pancreas, uterus, kidney, brain and liver.

Beta-blockers reduce heart rate, BP and cardiac contractility; also depress sinus node rate and slow conduction through the atrioventricular (AV) node, and prolong atrial refractory periods.

34
Q

Propranolol

A

Non-selective beta blocker

Competitively block beta receptors in heart, peripheral vasculature, bronchi, pancreas, uterus, kidney, brain and liver.

Beta-blockers reduce heart rate, BP and cardiac contractility; also depress sinus node rate and slow conduction through the atrioventricular (AV) node, and prolong atrial refractory periods.

35
Q

Clonidine

A

Centrally acting agonist at alpha2 adrenoreceptors and imidazoline receptors, it reduces BP by reducing sympathetic tone.

36
Q

Diazoxide

A

Predominantly an arteriolar vasodilator with little effect on venous smooth muscle. Arteriolar vasodilation results in reflex sympathetic stimulation, leading to tachycardia and fluid retention.

37
Q

Hydralazine

A

Predominantly an arteriolar vasodilator with little effect on venous smooth muscle. Arteriolar vasodilation results in reflex sympathetic stimulation, leading to tachycardia and fluid retention.

38
Q

Methyldopa

A

Centrally acting alpha2 adrenoreceptor agonist; reduces BP by reducing sympathetic tone.

39
Q

Minoxidil

A

Predominantly an arteriolar vasodilator with little effect on venous smooth muscle. Arteriolar vasodilation results in reflex sympathetic stimulation, leading to tachycardia and fluid retention.

40
Q

Moxonidine

A

Centrally acting agonist at I1 imidazoline receptors and alpha2 adrenoreceptors, it reduces BP by reducing sympathetic tone.

41
Q

Prazosin

A

Selective alpha1 blocker; arteriolar and venous vasodilation results in decreased peripheral resistance and BP. In BPH, prazosin reduces smooth muscle tone in the bladder neck and prostate.

42
Q

Sodium nitroprusside

A

Nonselective arteriolar and venous dilator.

Drugs (42 decks)

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