Eye drops

Question 1

Framycetin

Answer 1

Aminoglycoside

Question 2

Gentamicin

Answer 2

Aminoglycoside

Question 3

Tobramycin

Answer 3

Aminoglycoside

Question 4

Ciprofloxacin

Answer 4

Quinolones

Question 5

Ofloxaacin

Answer 5

Quinolones

Question 6

Chloramphenicol

Answer 6

Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome and preventing the activity of peptidyltransferase.

Question 7

Aciclovir

Answer 7

Antiviral

Question 8

Betaxolol

Answer 8

Beta-blocker

Reduce aqueous humour production, probably by blockade of beta receptors on the ciliary epithelium.

Question 9

Timolol

Answer 9

Beta block

Reduce aqueous humour production, probably by blockade of beta receptors on the ciliary epithelium.

Question 10

Bimatoprost

Answer 10

Prostaglandin analogue

Reduce intraocular pressure by increasing uveoscleral outflow of aqueous humour.

Question 11

Latanoprost

Answer 11

Prostaglandin analogue

Reduce intraocular pressure by increasing uveoscleral outflow of aqueous humour.

Question 12

Travoprost

Answer 12

Prostaglandin analogue

Reduce intraocular pressure by increasing uveoscleral outflow of aqueous humour.

Question 13

Apraclonidine

Answer 13

Alpha2 agonist

Reduce intraocular pressure by suppressing production of aqueous humour and increasing uveoscleral outflow.

Question 14

Brimonidine

Answer 14

Alpha2 agonist

Reduce intraocular pressure by suppressing production of aqueous humour and increasing uveoscleral outflow.

Question 15

Brinzolamide

Answer 15

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Inhibit carbonic anhydrase II (predominant subtype found in the eye), which reduces aqueous humour production.

Question 16

Dorzolamide

Answer 16

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Inhibit carbonic anhydrase II (predominant subtype found in the eye), which reduces aqueous humour production.

Question 17

Acetazolamide

Answer 17

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Inhibits carbonic anhydrase, resulting in:

reduced aqueous humour production, thereby reducing intraocular pressure
carbon dioxide accumulation in the brain, thereby reducing neuronal activity
mild diuresis and metabolic acidosis (which increases respiration rate and improves oxygenation at high altitude)

Question 18

Mannitol

Answer 18

Hyperosmotic agent

Increases plasma osmolality and draws water out of body tissues, producing an osmotic diuresis that results in reduced intraocular and intracranial pressure.

Question 19

Pilocarpine

Answer 19

Cholinergic

Cholinergic effect contracts:

iris sphincter causing miosis (pupil constriction)
ciliary muscle, which increases outflow through the trabecular meshwork lowering intraocular pressure.

Question 20

Naphazoline

Answer 20

Vasoconstrictor

Vasoconstrictors are alpha-adrenoreceptor agonists that constrict conjunctival blood vessels, reducing ocular redness and discomfort.

Question 21

Antazoline

Answer 21

Antihistamine

Question 22

Pheniramine

Answer 22

Antihistamine

Question 23

Tetryzoline/tetrahydrozoline

Answer 23

Vasoconstrictor

Vasoconstrictors are alpha-adrenoreceptor agonists that constrict conjunctival blood vessels, reducing ocular redness and discomfort.

Question 24

Azelastine

Answer 24

Antihistamine

Reduce the effects of histamine by binding to the H1 receptor and stabilising it in an inactive form. Also stabilises mast cells.

Question 25

Ketotifen

Answer 25

Antihistamine Reduce the effects of histamine by binding to the H1 receptor and stabilising it in an inactive form. Also stabilises mast cells.

Question 26

Levocabastine

Answer 26

Antihistamine Reduce the effects of histamine by binding to the H1 receptor and stabilising it in an inactive form.

Question 27

Olopatadine

Answer 27

Antihistamine Reduce the effects of histamine by binding to the H1 receptor and stabilising it in an inactive form. Also stabilises mast cells.

Question 28

Cromoglycate

Answer 28

Mast cell stabiliser Inhibit release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells.

Question 29

Lodoxamide

Answer 29

Mast cell stabiliser Inhibit release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells.

Question 30

Kerorolac

Answer 30

NSAID NSAIDs inhibit cyclo-oxygenase, decreasing prostaglandin synthesis and prostaglandin-mediated inflammation.

Question 31

Nepafenac

Answer 31

NSAID NSAIDs inhibit cyclo-oxygenase, decreasing prostaglandin synthesis and prostaglandin-mediated inflammation.

Question 32

Dexamethasone

Answer 32

Corticosteroid Corticosteroids regulate gene expression resulting in local anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects.

Question 33

Fluorometholone

Answer 33

Corticosteroid Corticosteroids regulate gene expression resulting in local anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects.

Question 34

Hydrocortisone

Answer 34

Corticosteroid Corticosteroids regulate gene expression resulting in local anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects.

Question 35

Prednisolone

Answer 35

Corticosteroid Corticosteroids regulate gene expression resulting in local anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects.

Question 36

Ciclosporin

Answer 36

Suppresses the inflammatory response associated with dry eye syndrome, resulting in increased tear production.

Question 37

Lifitegrast

Answer 37

Lymphocyte function-associated antigen‑1 (LFA‑1) antagonist thought to suppress the inflammatory response associated with dry eye syndrome.

Question 38

Atropine

Answer 38

Anticholinergic Block muscarinic actions of acetylcholine resulting in relaxation of the iris sphincter and ciliary muscles, leading to pupil dilation (mydriasis) and paralysis of accommodation (cycloplegia), respectively.

Question 39

Cyclopentolate

Answer 39

Anticholinergic Block muscarinic actions of acetylcholine resulting in relaxation of the iris sphincter and ciliary muscles, leading to pupil dilation (mydriasis) and paralysis of accommodation (cycloplegia), respectively.

Question 40

Tropicamide

Answer 40

Anticholinergic Block muscarinic actions of acetylcholine resulting in relaxation of the iris sphincter and ciliary muscles, leading to pupil dilation (mydriasis) and paralysis of accommodation (cycloplegia), respectively.

Question 41

Phenylephrine

Answer 41

Relatively selective alpha1 agonist; stimulates pupil dilator muscle. Maximal mydriasis occurs after 60–90 minutes; duration of action is 5–7 hours. Does not affect accommodation.

Question 42

Oxybuprocaine

Answer 42

Local anesthetic Block nerve conduction reversibly.

Question 43

Proxymetacaine

Answer 43

Local anesthetic Block nerve conduction reversibly.

Question 44

Tetracaine

Answer 44

Local anesthetic Block nerve conduction reversibly.