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Drugs > Antivirals > Flashcards

Antivirals Flashcards

1
Q

Adefovir

A

Nucleotide analogue

Adefovir dipivoxil is metabolised to adefovir diphosphate, a nucleotide analogue of deoxyadenosine monophosphate, which acts as an alternative substrate for viral DNA polymerase resulting in DNA chain termination and prevention of viral DNA synthesis.

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2
Q

Entecavir

A

Nucleoside analogue

Entecavir is a guanosine analogue; entecavir triphosphate inhibits hepatitis B polymerase, preventing viral DNA synthesis.

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3
Q

Peginterferon alfa‑2a

A

Inhibits viral replication and has immunomodulatory effects.

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4
Q

Glecaprevir with Pibrentasvir

A

Inhibits hepatitis C viral replication; glecaprevir is an HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitor and pibrentasvir is an HCV NS5A inhibitor (also prevents assembly of the virus).

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5
Q

Ledipasvir with sofosbuvir

A

Inhibits hepatitis C viral replication: sofosbuvir is metabolised to active uridine analogue triphosphate and this inhibits HCV NS5B RNA polymerase; ledipasvir inhibits HCV NS5A protein (also prevents assembly of the virus).

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6
Q

Ribavirin

A

Nucleoside analogue

Nucleoside analogue that interferes with RNA and DNA synthesis, thereby inhibiting protein synthesis and viral replication.

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7
Q

Sofosbuvir

A

Metabolised to active uridine analogue triphosphate and this inhibits HCV NS5B RNA polymerase, thereby impeding hepatitis C viral replication.

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8
Q

Sofosbuvir with velpatasvir

A

Inhibits hepatitis C viral replication: sofosbuvir is metabolised to active uridine analogue triphosphate and this inhibits HCV NS5B RNA polymerase; velpatasvir inhibits HCV NS5A protein (also prevents assembly of the virus).

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9
Q

Sofosbuvir with velpatasvir and voxilaprevir

A

Inhibits hepatitis C viral replication: sofosbuvir is metabolised to active uridine analogue triphosphate and this inhibits HCV NS5B RNA polymerase; velpatasvir inhibits HCV NS5A protein (also prevents assembly of the virus); voxilaprevir inhibits HCV NS3/4A protease.

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10
Q

Abacavir

A

Purine Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor

The active phosphorylated NRTI metabolites inhibit viral reverse transcriptase and viral DNA synthesis, preventing HIV replication. The specific site of action differs for each drug; these differences are exploited in combination regimens.

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11
Q

Lamivudine

A

Pyrimidine Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor

The active phosphorylated NRTI metabolites inhibit viral reverse transcriptase and viral DNA synthesis, preventing HIV replication. The specific site of action differs for each drug; these differences are exploited in combination regimens.

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12
Q

Tenofovir

A

Purine Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor

Tenofovir is metabolised to active tenofovir diphosphate, which inhibits viral polymerases and terminates the DNA chain after incorporation into viral DNA.

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13
Q

Emtricitabine

A

Pyrimidine Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor

The active phosphorylated NRTI metabolites inhibit viral reverse transcriptase and viral DNA synthesis, preventing HIV replication. The specific site of action differs for each drug; these differences are exploited in combination regimens.

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14
Q

Zidovudine

A

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor

The active phosphorylated NRTI metabolites inhibit viral reverse transcriptase and viral DNA synthesis, preventing HIV replication. The specific site of action differs for each drug; these differences are exploited in combination regimens.

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15
Q

Etravirine

A

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor

NNRTIs reversibly inhibit HIV‑1 reverse transcriptase, reducing viral DNA synthesis.

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16
Q

Nevirapine

A

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor

NNRTIs reversibly inhibit HIV‑1 reverse transcriptase, reducing viral DNA synthesis.

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17
Q

Rilpiverine

A

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor

NNRTIs reversibly inhibit HIV‑1 reverse transcriptase, reducing viral DNA synthesis.

18
Q

Atazanavir

A

Protease inhibitor

Inhibit HIV‑1 and HIV‑2 proteases, preventing viral maturation and replication.

19
Q

Darunavir

A

Protease inhibitor

Inhibit HIV‑1 and HIV‑2 proteases, preventing viral maturation and replication.

20
Q

Ritonivir

A

Protease inhibitor

Inhibit HIV‑1 and HIV‑2 proteases, preventing viral maturation and replication.

21
Q

Lopinavir

A

Protease inhibitor

Inhibit HIV‑1 and HIV‑2 proteases, preventing viral maturation and replication.

22
Q

Cobicistat

A

More selective for CYP3A4 to assist with the benefit of drug pharmacokinetics

23
Q

Bictegravir

A

Integrase Inhibitor

Inhibit HIV integrase, which prevents viral replication by stopping insertion of viral DNA into the host DNA.

24
Q

Cabotegravir

A

Integrase Inhibitor

Inhibit HIV integrase, which prevents viral replication by stopping insertion of viral DNA into the host DNA.

25
Q

Dolutegrovir

A

Integrase Inhibitor

Inhibit HIV integrase, which prevents viral replication by stopping insertion of viral DNA into the host DNA.

26
Q

Raltegravir

A

Integrase Inhibitor

Inhibit HIV integrase, which prevents viral replication by stopping insertion of viral DNA into the host DNA.

27
Q

Fostemsavir

A

HIV entry inhibitor

Metabolised to the active temsavir, which binds to glycoprotein‑120 on the surface of HIV, preventing its entry into CD4 cells.

28
Q

Maraviroc

A

HIV entry inhibitor

Metabolised to the active temsavir, which binds to glycoprotein‑120 on the surface of HIV, preventing its entry into CD4 cells.

29
Q

Aciclovir

A

Guanine analogue

Following phosphorylation by viral and cellular enzymes, guanine analogues inhibit viral DNA polymerase and DNA synthesis.

30
Q

Famciclovir

A

Guanine analogue

Following phosphorylation by viral and cellular enzymes, guanine analogues inhibit viral DNA polymerase and DNA synthesis.

31
Q

Ganciclovir

A

Guanine analogue

Following phosphorylation by viral and cellular enzymes, guanine analogues inhibit viral DNA polymerase and DNA synthesis.

32
Q

Valciclovir

A

Guanine analogue

Following phosphorylation by viral and cellular enzymes, guanine analogues inhibit viral DNA polymerase and DNA synthesis.

33
Q

Valganciclovir

A

Guanine analogue

Following phosphorylation by viral and cellular enzymes, guanine analogues inhibit viral DNA polymerase and DNA synthesis.

34
Q

Oseltamivir

A

Neuraminidase inhibitor

Reduce influenza virus replication by inhibiting the viral surface enzyme neuraminidase, preventing release of new virus from cells.

35
Q

Peramivir

A

Neuraminidase inhibitor

Reduce influenza virus replication by inhibiting the viral surface enzyme neuraminidase, preventing release of new virus from cells.

36
Q

Zanamivir

A

Neuraminidase inhibitor

Reduce influenza virus replication by inhibiting the viral surface enzyme neuraminidase, preventing release of new virus from cells.

37
Q

Cidofovir

A

Nucleotide analogue

Inhibits viral DNA polymerase; prevents DNA synthesis.

38
Q

Foscarnet

A

Pyrophosphate analogue that inhibits viral DNA polymerases and reverse transcriptases, preventing DNA synthesis.

39
Q

Molnupiravir

A

Prevents replication following incorporation into viral RNA.

40
Q

Nirmatrelvir and ritonavir

A

Protease inhibitor

Nirmatrelvir inhibits the main protease of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2), preventing viral replication; ritonavir increases nirmatrelvir levels by inhibiting its metabolism.

41
Q

Palivizumab

A

Humanised monoclonal antibody that neutralises and inhibits fusion of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) with the host cell, preventing its replication.

42
Q

Remdesivir

A

Metabolised to remdesivir triphosphate (adenosine analogue) and incorporated into viral RNA, preventing its replication.

Drugs (42 decks)

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