Genitourinary

Question 1

Darifenacin

Answer 1

Anticholinergic

Reduce bladder muscle contractility, increase
bladder capacity

Question 2

Oxybutynin

Answer 2

Anticholinergic

Reduce bladder muscle contractility, increase
bladder capacity

Question 3

Propantheline

Answer 3

Anticholinergic

Reduce bladder muscle contractility, increase
bladder capacity

Question 4

Solifenacin

Answer 4

Anticholinergic

Reduce bladder muscle contractility, increase
bladder capacity

Question 5

Tolterodine

Answer 5

Anticholinergic

Reduce bladder muscle contractility, increase
bladder capacity

Question 6

Mirabegon

Answer 6

Beta3-adrenoreceptor agonist; relaxes bladder muscle during the storage phase of micturition, increasing bladder capacity.

Question 7

Desmopressin

Answer 7

Antidiuretic hormone analogue

Used in nocturnal enuresis in children

Question 8

Alfuzosin

Answer 8

Block alpha1 receptors, relaxing smooth muscle in the bladder neck and prostate, and decreasing resistance to urinary flow.

Unlike nonselective alpha-blockers (eg phenoxybenzamine), they have little effect on presynaptic alpha2 receptors and are therefore less likely to cause reflex tachycardia.

Alfuzosin, silodosin and tamsulosin are more selective for the alpha1-receptor subtypes found in the bladder and prostate.

Question 9

Silodosin

Answer 9

Block alpha1 receptors, relaxing smooth muscle in the bladder neck and prostate, and decreasing resistance to urinary flow.

Unlike nonselective alpha-blockers (eg phenoxybenzamine), they have little effect on presynaptic alpha2 receptors and are therefore less likely to cause reflex tachycardia.

Alfuzosin, silodosin and tamsulosin are more selective for the alpha1-receptor subtypes found in the bladder and prostate.

Question 10

Tamsulosin

Answer 10

Block alpha1 receptors, relaxing smooth muscle in the bladder neck and prostate, and decreasing resistance to urinary flow.

Unlike nonselective alpha-blockers (eg phenoxybenzamine), they have little effect on presynaptic alpha2 receptors and are therefore less likely to cause reflex tachycardia.

Alfuzosin, silodosin and tamsulosin are more selective for the alpha1-receptor subtypes found in the bladder and prostate.

Question 11

Dutasteride

Answer 11

Inhibit 5‑alpha-reductase, which converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (a potent cellular androgen that stimulates prostate growth). They reduce prostate size and improve symptoms and urinary flow rate.

Question 12

Finasteride

Answer 12

Inhibit 5‑alpha-reductase, which converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (a potent cellular androgen that stimulates prostate growth). They reduce prostate size and improve symptoms and urinary flow rate.

Question 13

Avanafil

Answer 13

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor

Sexual stimulation increases cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels, resulting in smooth muscle relaxation, inflow of blood to the corpus cavernosum and penile erection.

These agents inhibit the breakdown of cGMP by phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5), increasing blood flow to the penis during sexual stimulation.

Question 14

Sildenafil

Answer 14

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor

Sexual stimulation increases cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels, resulting in smooth muscle relaxation, inflow of blood to the corpus cavernosum and penile erection.

These agents inhibit the breakdown of cGMP by phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5), increasing blood flow to the penis during sexual stimulation.

Question 15

Tadalafil

Answer 15

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor

Sexual stimulation increases cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels, resulting in smooth muscle relaxation, inflow of blood to the corpus cavernosum and penile erection.

These agents inhibit the breakdown of cGMP by phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5), increasing blood flow to the penis during sexual stimulation.

Question 16

Alprostadil

Answer 16

Prostaglandin E1

Dilates cavernosal arteries. Relaxes smooth muscle of corpus cavernosum and spongiosum.

Question 17

Dapoxetine

Answer 17

Unclear; an SSRI thought to modulate the ejaculatory reflex.

Question 18

Papaverine

Answer 18

Relaxation of all vascular components of the penile erectile system.