Osteoarthritis

Question 1

what is osteoarthritis?

Answer 1

articular cartilage thinning or loss

Question 2

name the risk factors of osteoarthritis

Answer 2

age
female
obesity
previous injury
muscle weakness

Question 3

name the 2 types of osteoarthritis

Answer 3

idiopathic and secondary

Question 4

name types of secondary osteoarthritis

Answer 4

previous injury
calcium crystal deposition disease
rheumatoid arthritis

Question 5

name the symptoms in osteoarthritis

Answer 5

pain - worse on activity and relieved by rest

stiffness - morning

Question 6

what is seen on examination of osteoarthritis?

Answer 6

crepitus
joint swelling
tenderness
effusion

Question 7

what is joint and bone swelling/enlargements due to?

Answer 7

osteophytes

Question 8

what is bony enlargements at DIPs also called?

Answer 8

Heberdens nodes

Question 9

what is bony enlargements at PIPs also called?

Answer 9

Bouchards nodes

Question 10

name the clinical features of osteoarthritis in the knee

Answer 10

osteophytes
effusions
crepitus
movement restriction
genu varus or valgus deformities
bakers cyst

Question 11

name the clinical features of osteoarthritis both in the cervical and lumbar spine

Answer 11

cervical - pain and restriction of neck movement

lumbar - pain on standing or walking

Question 12

what can osteophytes in the spine cause?

Answer 12

spinal stenosis

can encroach on spinal canal or pinch the nerve root

Question 13

name the 4 radiological findings of osteoarthritis

Answer 13

loss of joint space
subchondral sclerosis
subchondral cysts
osteophytes

Question 14

name the grading scale used in radiological osteoarthritis

Answer 14

Kellgren-Lawrence Radiographic Grading Scale

Question 15

a grade of 0 in the Kellgren-Lawrence Radiographic Grading Scale indicates what?

Answer 15

no radiographic findings of osteoarthritis

Question 16

a grade of 1 in the Kellgren-Lawrence Radiographic Grading Scale indicates what?

Answer 16

minute osteophytes of doubtful clinical significance

Question 17

a grade of 2 in the Kellgren-Lawrence Radiographic Grading Scale indicates what?

Answer 17

definite osteophytes with unimpaired joint space

Question 18

a grade of 3 in the Kellgren-Lawrence Radiographic Grading Scale indicates what?

Answer 18

definite osteophytes with moderate joint space narrowing

Question 19

a grade of 4 in the Kellgren-Lawrence Radiographic Grading Scale indicates what?

Answer 19

definite osteophytes with severe joint space narrowing and subchondral sclerosis

Question 20

name the non-pharmacologic management in OA

Answer 20

explanation
physiotherapy
common sense measures

Question 21

name the pharmacologic management in OA

Answer 21

analgesia - paracetamol
NSAIDs - topical/systemic
pain modulators - gabapentin
intra-articular steroids

Question 22

name the surgical management in OA

Answer 22

arthroscopic washout
loose body soft tissue trimming
joint replacement

Question 23

how many of the population over the age of 70 is affected by OA?

Answer 23

1/2 the population

Question 24

name the pain modulator in osteoarthritis

Answer 24

gabapentin

Question 25

why does ben porter laugh when he plays football?

Answer 25

cause the grass tickles his balls when he runs