Osteoarthritis Flashcards
Dr K Vinod
what is osteoarthritis?
articular cartilage thinning or loss
name the risk factors of osteoarthritis
age female obesity previous injury muscle weakness
name the 2 types of osteoarthritis
idiopathic and secondary
name types of secondary osteoarthritis
previous injury
calcium crystal deposition disease
rheumatoid arthritis
name the symptoms in osteoarthritis
pain - worse on activity and relieved by rest
stiffness - morning
what is seen on examination of osteoarthritis?
crepitus
joint swelling
tenderness
effusion
what is joint and bone swelling/enlargements due to?
osteophytes
what is bony enlargements at DIPs also called?
Heberdens nodes
what is bony enlargements at PIPs also called?
Bouchards nodes
name the clinical features of osteoarthritis in the knee
osteophytes effusions crepitus movement restriction genu varus or valgus deformities bakers cyst
name the clinical features of osteoarthritis both in the cervical and lumbar spine
cervical - pain and restriction of neck movement
lumbar - pain on standing or walking
what can osteophytes in the spine cause?
spinal stenosis
can encroach on spinal canal or pinch the nerve root
name the 4 radiological findings of osteoarthritis
loss of joint space
subchondral sclerosis
subchondral cysts
osteophytes
name the grading scale used in radiological osteoarthritis
Kellgren-Lawrence Radiographic Grading Scale
a grade of 0 in the Kellgren-Lawrence Radiographic Grading Scale indicates what?
no radiographic findings of osteoarthritis
a grade of 1 in the Kellgren-Lawrence Radiographic Grading Scale indicates what?
minute osteophytes of doubtful clinical significance
a grade of 2 in the Kellgren-Lawrence Radiographic Grading Scale indicates what?
definite osteophytes with unimpaired joint space
a grade of 3 in the Kellgren-Lawrence Radiographic Grading Scale indicates what?
definite osteophytes with moderate joint space narrowing
a grade of 4 in the Kellgren-Lawrence Radiographic Grading Scale indicates what?
definite osteophytes with severe joint space narrowing and subchondral sclerosis
name the non-pharmacologic management in OA
explanation
physiotherapy
common sense measures
name the pharmacologic management in OA
analgesia - paracetamol
NSAIDs - topical/systemic
pain modulators - gabapentin
intra-articular steroids
name the surgical management in OA
arthroscopic washout
loose body soft tissue trimming
joint replacement
how many of the population over the age of 70 is affected by OA?
1/2 the population
name the pain modulator in osteoarthritis
gabapentin
why does ben porter laugh when he plays football?
cause the grass tickles his balls when he runs
