MSK Histology

Question 1

describe a skeletal muscle cell

Answer 1

striated
unbranched
multinucleated

Question 2

what is the cell membrane in a skeletal muscle cell also called?

Answer 2

sarcolemma

Question 3

what are the bundles that muscle fibres are grouped into called?

Answer 3

fascicle

Question 4

what is the connective tissue that covers a single muscle fibre called?

Answer 4

endomysium

Question 5

what is the connective tissue that covers a single fascicle called?

Answer 5

perimysium

Question 6

what is the connective tissue that covers the muscle as a whole called?

Answer 6

epimysium

Question 7

describe the organisation of the muscle

Answer 7

muscle fibre contain many myofibrils with each consisting of many sarcomeres

Question 8

what is the unit of contraction in muscle cells?

Answer 8

sarcomere

Question 9

what does the sarcomere extend from and to?

Answer 9

z line

Question 10

what does a motor unit consist of?

Answer 10

one motor neurone and all of the muscle fibres that it innervates

Question 11

what does a fewer number of muscle fibre in a motor unit result in?

Answer 11

a finer control of movement

Question 12

what is the special name of synapse in muscles?

Answer 12

neuromuscular junction

Question 13

how many types of skeletal muscle fibre are there? name them.

Answer 13

3

type I
type IIA
type IIB

Question 14

describe type I

Answer 14

slowly contracting fibres

Question 15

is cartilage permeable?

Answer 15

yes

bone is not permeable

Question 16

what are the cells found in cartilage called?

Answer 16

chondrocytes (chondroblasts when immature

Question 17

what is the name of the extracellular metric chondrocytes live in?

Answer 17

lacuna

Question 18

what type of collagen is most common in cartilage?

Answer 18

type II cartilage

Question 19

name the 3 types of cartilage

Answer 19

hyaline
elastic
fibrocartilage

Question 20

what is the most common type of cartilage?

Answer 20

hyaline

blue-white in colour

Question 21

what colour is elastic cartilage?

Answer 21

light yellow - flexible

Question 22

what colour is elastic cartilage?

Answer 22

light yellow - flexible

Question 23

describe fibrocartilage

Answer 23

hybrid of tendon and hyaline cartilage
type I collagen
appears white

Question 24

name the 2 types of bone

Answer 24

cortical bone

cancellous/trabecular bone

Question 25

where on the bone is cortical bone seen?

Answer 25

outer shell

shaft

Question 26

what is the other word of the shaft of the bone?

Answer 26

diaphysis

Question 27

where does cancellous/trabecular bone occupy?

Answer 27

ends of bone

Question 28

what is the other word for end of bone?

Answer 28

epiphyses

Question 29

what are the living cells contained in cortical bone called?

Answer 29

osteocytes

Question 30

cortical bone penetrated by blood vessels forming what?

Answer 30

canals

Question 31

cortical bone penetrated by blood vessels forming what?

Answer 31

canals

Question 32

what are the lines that are often visible surrounding the osteon termed?

Answer 32

cement lines

Question 33

name the cell:

located on bone surfaces, for example under the periosteum, these cells serve as a pool of reserve osteoblasts

Answer 33

Osteoprogenitor cells

Question 34

name the cell:

bone forming cells found on the surface of developing bone. They have plentiful RER and prominent mitochondria

Answer 34

osteoblasts

Question 35

name the cell:

a bone cell trapped within the bone matrix

Answer 35

osteocytes

Question 36

name the cell:

large (up to 40µm or more) multinucleated cells. They are found on the surface of bone and are responsible for bone resorption

Answer 36

osteoclasts

Question 37

what is the collective term given to the components that osteoblasts secrete?

Answer 37

osteoid

Question 38

Younger osteons often partially obliterate older osteons

true or false?

Answer 38

true

Question 39

what is the name of the bone that is laid down following a break?

Answer 39

woven bone

Question 40

how does woven bone differ to normal lamellar bone?

Answer 40

collagen is laid in haphazard fashion in comparison to one direction in lamellar bone

woven bon dis not as strong as lamellar bone