Anatomy of the Upper Limb Flashcards
Mr L Reid
name the joint and the type of joint in the wrist
radiocarpal joint (ellipsoid type)
name the joint and the type of joint between the bones of the forearm
proximal radioulnar joint
(pivot type)
distal radioulnar joint
(pivot type)
name the joint and the type of joint in the elbow (2)
humeroulnar and radiohumeral joints
hinge type
name the ball and socket type joint in the shoulder
glenohumeral joint
name the other type of joint in the shoulder and the type it is
acromoclavicular joint (plane type)
name the joint and the type of joint in midline of the upper thorax
sternoclaviclar joint (saddle type)
in the forearm, the ______ moves over the ____ during pronation
radius moves over the ulna during pronation
what degree of ration does the thumb have?
90 degrees
what type of joint is the 5th MCP joint?
condyloid type
what type of joint is the 1st CMC joint?
saddle type
name the 4 main axis-appendicular muscles
- trapezius
- serratus anterior
- rhomboid minor
- rhomboid major
name the other 3 axioappendicular muscles
- Subclavius
- Latissimus dorsi
- Levator scapula
what is trapezius innervated by?
CNXI
what is serratus anterior innervated by?
long thoracic nerve
what is rhomboid major and minor innervated by?
dorsal scapula nerve
what is levator scapulae innervated by?
dorsal scapula nerve
how many rotator cuff muscles are there? name them
- supraspinatus
- infraspinatus
- teres minor
- subscapularis
which 3 muscles attach the the greater tuberosity?
- supraspinatus
- infraspinatus
- teres minor
where does subscapularis attach?
lesser tuberosity
what fraction of the humeral head is in contact with the glenoid fossa at any time?
1/3rd
name the 3 muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis
name the innervation of the 3 muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm
Musculocutaneous nerve
name the action of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm
flexion of the arm and forearm
what muscle also supinates the forearm?
biceps brachii
name the muscle in the posterior compartment of the arm
triceps brachii
what innervates the triceps brachii?
radial nerve
what is the action of the triceps brachii?
extension of the arm and forearm
how many layers are in the anterior compartment of the forearm? name them.
- superficial layer
- intermediate layer
- deep layer
name the 4 muscles situated in the superficial layer of the anterior forearm
pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
flexor carpi ulnaris
palmaris longus
name the muscle in the intermediate layer of the forearm
flexor digitorum superficialis
name the 3 muscles in the deep layer of the forearm
flexor pollicis longus
flexor digitorum profundis
pronator quadratus
name the innervation of the forearm and outline the 2 exceptions
ALL median nerve
except flexor carpi ulnaris and medial half of flexor digitorum superficialis
what innervates the flexor carpi ulnaris and medial half of flexor digitorum superficialis
ulnar nerve
name the actions of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm (4)
Flexion of the wrist and digits
pronation
abduction and adduction of the wrist
the muscles of the posterior aspect of the forearm are broken into 2 layers - what are they?
superficial and deep
how many muscles make up the superficial layer of the posterior compartment of the forearm?
7
name the 7 muscles that make up the superficial layer of the posterior compartment of the forearm
- brachioradialis
- extensor carpi radialis longus
- extensor carpi radialis brevis
- anconeus
- extensor digitorum
- extensor carpi ulnaris
- extensor digiti minimi
how many muscles make up the deep layer of the posterior compartment of the forearm?
5
name the 5 muscles that make up the deep layer of the posterior compartment of the forearm
- supinator
- abductor pollicis longus
- extensor pollicis longus
- extensor pollicis brevis
- extensor indicis
name the nerve that innervates the muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm
radial nerve
list the actions of the muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm (4)
extension of the wrist and digits
supination
abduction and adduction of the wrist
name the 2 eminences of the hand
thenar eminence
hypothenar eminence
which eminence is affected by carpal tunnel syndrome?
thenar eminence
name the 3 muscles which make up the thenar eminence
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis
name the 3 muscles which make up the hypothenar eminence
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Opponens digiti minimi
which nerve and which part of it innervates the thenar eminence?
Recurrent branch of the median nerve
which nerve and which part of it innervates the hypothenar eminence?
Deep branch of the ulnar nerve
what muscles of the hand are attached to tendons of Flexor digitorum profundus?
lumbricals
what muscle is responsible for abduction of the digits?
Dorsal interossei (DAB)
what muscle is responsible for adduction of the digits?
Palmar interossei (PAD)
name the 2 innervations of the lumbricals
Median nerve (lateral 2) Ulnar nerve (medial 2)
what nerve innervates the interosseis?
ulnar nerve
where does the brachial plexus originate from?
anterior rami of C5-T1
list the parts the brachial plexus (5)
Roots Trunks Divisions Cords Nerves
(Really Tired Drink Coffee Now)
name the spinal nerves in the brachial plexus (roots)
C5 C6 C7 C8 - note you do not have a C8 vertebral level T1
how are the trunks in the brachial plexus named?
superior
medial
inferior
how are the divisions in the brachial plexus named?
anterior and posterior
how are the cords in the brachial plexus named?
lateral
posterior
medial
what is compressed in carpal tunnel syndrome?
median nerve
what muscle does carpal tunnel cause weakness in?
thenar muscles
in which digits is numbness felt in carpal tunnel syndrome?
digits 1-3 and lateral half of digit 4
list the changing names of the arteries in the upper limb
subclavian axillary brachial radial and ulnar superficial palmar arch deep palmar arch
where are there anastomosis in the upper limb?
elbow and scapula
name the 3 scapular anastomosis
Suprascapular artery
Dorsal scapular artery
Circumflex scapular artery
veins in the upper limb follow ________ and share similar _____. they are seen in sheaths with arteries - this is known as ____ __________ and are highly ________
veins in the upper limb follow arteries and share similar names. they are seen in sheaths with arteries - this is known as vena comitantes and are highly variable