Children's Normal Growth and Development

Question 1

what happens to the angular profile in legs of children?

Answer 1

swings out then swings in

Question 2

name a unilateral/assymetric disease in children

Answer 2

blout’s disease

Question 3

when is a deformity regarded as significant?

Answer 3

if it is likely to persist and cause physical or mental health problems later in life

Question 4

how do bones grow longitudinally?

Answer 4

from the growth plate (physis) by enchondral ossification

Question 5

how do bones grow circumferentially?

Answer 5

from the periosteum by appositional growth

Question 6

hit die and act as scaffold for new bone?

Answer 6

chondrocytes

Question 7

what is new bone laid down by?

Answer 7

osteoblasts

Question 8

what factors affect the growth plate?

Answer 8

diet/nutrition
sunlight
injury
illness
hormones - GH

Question 9

in normal development, a child of 6-9 months should…

Answer 9

sit and crawl

Question 10

in normal development, a child of 8-12 months should…

Answer 10

stand

Question 11

in normal development, a child of 14-17 months should…

Answer 11

walk

Question 12

in normal development, a child of 24 months should…

Answer 12

jump

Question 13

in normal development, a child of 3 years should…

Answer 13

manage stairs alone

Question 14

define varum

Answer 14

bow legged

Question 15

define valgum

Answer 15

knock kneed

Question 16

is Genu Varum normal in age <2?

Answer 16

yes

Question 17

severe genu varum is >16degrees

true or false?

Answer 17

true

Question 18

what are the causes of genu varum?

Answer 18

Skeletal Dysplasia
Rickets – deficiency vitmin D
Tumour eg enchondroma
Blounts disease
Trauma - physeal injury

Question 19

define blouts disease

Answer 19

Growth arrest of medial tibial physis of unknown aetiology

Question 20

what is the x-ray appearance in blouts disease?

Answer 20

Beak-like protrusion on xray

Question 21

what causes genu valgum?

Answer 21

Tumours – enchondroma, osteochondroma
Rickets
Neurofibromatosis
Idiopathic

Question 22

is genu algum normal?

Answer 22

usually normal - peak at age 3 1/2

Question 23

what should you consider in a child with >8cm intermalleolar distance at age 11

Answer 23

surgery

Question 24

what is intoeing?

Answer 24

Child walks with toes pointing in AKA pigeon-toed

Question 25

when is intoeing accentuated?

Answer 25

when running

Question 26

what 3 things cause intoeing?

Answer 26

femoral neck anteversion
Internal Tibial Torsion
metatarsus adductus or combination

Question 27

people with femoral neck anteversion tend to sit in which position?

Answer 27

W position

Question 28

internal tibial torsion is seen in toddlers of what age?

Answer 28

1-3 years

Question 29

Vast, vast majority of internal tibial torsion resolve by 10 yrs

true or false?

Answer 29

false

6 years

Question 30

flat feet is seen in how many adults?

Answer 30

1 in 5

Question 31

flat feet is usually asymptomatic

true or false?

Answer 31

true

Question 32

what are the 2 types of flat feet?

Answer 32

flexible or fixed

Question 33

what causes an increased risk of flat feet?

Answer 33

hypermobility

Question 34

Rigid flat foot (uncommon) may have underlying bony connection known as…

Answer 34

tarsal coalition

Question 35

What’s the difference between Abigail Johnston and a brick?

Answer 35

a brick would get laid