Children's Normal Growth and Development Flashcards

Dr G Foubister

1
Q

what happens to the angular profile in legs of children?

A

swings out then swings in

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2
Q

name a unilateral/assymetric disease in children

A

blout’s disease

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3
Q

when is a deformity regarded as significant?

A

if it is likely to persist and cause physical or mental health problems later in life

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4
Q

how do bones grow longitudinally?

A

from the growth plate (physis) by enchondral ossification

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5
Q

how do bones grow circumferentially?

A

from the periosteum by appositional growth

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6
Q

hit die and act as scaffold for new bone?

A

chondrocytes

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7
Q

what is new bone laid down by?

A

osteoblasts

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8
Q

what factors affect the growth plate?

A
diet/nutrition
sunlight
injury
illness
hormones - GH
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9
Q

in normal development, a child of 6-9 months should…

A

sit and crawl

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10
Q

in normal development, a child of 8-12 months should…

A

stand

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11
Q

in normal development, a child of 14-17 months should…

A

walk

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12
Q

in normal development, a child of 24 months should…

A

jump

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13
Q

in normal development, a child of 3 years should…

A

manage stairs alone

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14
Q

define varum

A

bow legged

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15
Q

define valgum

A

knock kneed

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16
Q

is Genu Varum normal in age <2?

17
Q

severe genu varum is >16degrees

true or false?

18
Q

what are the causes of genu varum?

A
Skeletal Dysplasia
Rickets – deficiency vitmin D
Tumour eg enchondroma
Blounts disease
Trauma - physeal injury
19
Q

define blouts disease

A

Growth arrest of medial tibial physis of unknown aetiology

20
Q

what is the x-ray appearance in blouts disease?

A

Beak-like protrusion on xray

21
Q

what causes genu valgum?

A

Tumours – enchondroma, osteochondroma
Rickets
Neurofibromatosis
Idiopathic

22
Q

is genu algum normal?

A

usually normal - peak at age 3 1/2

23
Q

what should you consider in a child with >8cm intermalleolar distance at age 11

24
Q

what is intoeing?

A

Child walks with toes pointing in AKA pigeon-toed

25
when is intoeing accentuated?
when running
26
what 3 things cause intoeing?
femoral neck anteversion Internal Tibial Torsion metatarsus adductus or combination
27
people with femoral neck anteversion tend to sit in which position?
W position
28
internal tibial torsion is seen in toddlers of what age?
1-3 years
29
Vast, vast majority of internal tibial torsion resolve by 10 yrs true or false?
false | 6 years
30
flat feet is seen in how many adults?
1 in 5
31
flat feet is usually asymptomatic true or false?
true
32
what are the 2 types of flat feet?
flexible or fixed
33
what causes an increased risk of flat feet?
hypermobility
34
Rigid flat foot (uncommon) may have underlying bony connection known as...
tarsal coalition
35
What's the difference between Abigail Johnston and a brick?
a brick would get laid