Children's Normal Growth and Development Flashcards
Dr G Foubister
what happens to the angular profile in legs of children?
swings out then swings in
name a unilateral/assymetric disease in children
blout’s disease
when is a deformity regarded as significant?
if it is likely to persist and cause physical or mental health problems later in life
how do bones grow longitudinally?
from the growth plate (physis) by enchondral ossification
how do bones grow circumferentially?
from the periosteum by appositional growth
hit die and act as scaffold for new bone?
chondrocytes
what is new bone laid down by?
osteoblasts
what factors affect the growth plate?
diet/nutrition sunlight injury illness hormones - GH
in normal development, a child of 6-9 months should…
sit and crawl
in normal development, a child of 8-12 months should…
stand
in normal development, a child of 14-17 months should…
walk
in normal development, a child of 24 months should…
jump
in normal development, a child of 3 years should…
manage stairs alone
define varum
bow legged
define valgum
knock kneed
is Genu Varum normal in age <2?
yes
severe genu varum is >16degrees
true or false?
true
what are the causes of genu varum?
Skeletal Dysplasia Rickets – deficiency vitmin D Tumour eg enchondroma Blounts disease Trauma - physeal injury
define blouts disease
Growth arrest of medial tibial physis of unknown aetiology
what is the x-ray appearance in blouts disease?
Beak-like protrusion on xray
what causes genu valgum?
Tumours – enchondroma, osteochondroma
Rickets
Neurofibromatosis
Idiopathic
is genu algum normal?
usually normal - peak at age 3 1/2
what should you consider in a child with >8cm intermalleolar distance at age 11
surgery
what is intoeing?
Child walks with toes pointing in AKA pigeon-toed
when is intoeing accentuated?
when running
what 3 things cause intoeing?
femoral neck anteversion
Internal Tibial Torsion
metatarsus adductus or combination
people with femoral neck anteversion tend to sit in which position?
W position
internal tibial torsion is seen in toddlers of what age?
1-3 years
Vast, vast majority of internal tibial torsion resolve by 10 yrs
true or false?
false
6 years
flat feet is seen in how many adults?
1 in 5
flat feet is usually asymptomatic
true or false?
true
what are the 2 types of flat feet?
flexible or fixed
what causes an increased risk of flat feet?
hypermobility
Rigid flat foot (uncommon) may have underlying bony connection known as…
tarsal coalition
What’s the difference between Abigail Johnston and a brick?
a brick would get laid
