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Musculoskeletal > Non-Neoplastic Pathology > Flashcards

Non-Neoplastic Pathology Flashcards

Dr N Kernohan

1
Q

name some non-neoplastic MSK pathology

A

Connective tissue diseases
Metabolic diseases
Fractures
Degenerative Disease

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2
Q

what type of condition is connective tissue disease?

A

autoimmune condition

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3
Q

what factor is seen in rheumatoid arthritis?

A

rheumatoid factor

auto ab against Fc IgG

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4
Q

what autoantibody is seen in scleroderma?

A

anti centromere

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5
Q

what autoantibody is seen in dermatomyositis?

A

anti Jo

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6
Q

in rheumatoid arthritis’ acute phase, the term given to inflammatory granulation tissue is what?

A

pannus formation

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7
Q

what is seen in rheumatoid arthritis on X-ray?

A

destroyed cartilage resulting in loss of joint space

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8
Q

what 2 autoantibodies are important in SLE?

A

ANA and Anti Double Stranded DNA

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9
Q

list 3 metabolic diseases

A

Pagets
Osteomalacia
Crystal arthropathies

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10
Q

what is the other name for crystal arthropathy?

A

gout

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11
Q

what is the end-product of purine synthesis?

A

uric acid

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12
Q

what 2 things can cause hyperuricaemia?

A

increased production or reduced excretion

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13
Q

what is the known enzyme defect resulting in increased production of urate?

A

HGPRT deficiency

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14
Q

name the rare condition with HGPRT deficiency

A

Lysch Nyhan syndrome

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15
Q

what skin manifestation is also seen in increased production of urate?

A

psoriasis

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16
Q

what is the most common cause of gout? increased production or reduced excretion?

A

reduced excretion

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17
Q

name the drug which reduced urate excretion

A

thiazide diuretics

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18
Q

deposition of crystals in soft tissues is known as…

A

gouty tophus

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19
Q

name the main clinical manifestation of gout which is serious

A

renal disease

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20
Q

what do you use to visualise crystals in gout?

A

cross-polarised light

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21
Q

what are the crystals shaped like in gout?

A

needle shaped

22
Q

what chemical makes up the crystals in gout?

A

pyrophosphate

23
Q

what chemical makes up the crystals in pseudogout?

A

calcium

24
Q

in whom is pseudogout more common?

A

older individuals in large joints

25
Q

what shape are the crystals in pseudogout?

A

rhomboid shaped

26
Q

what is Paget’s an abnormality in?

A

bone turnover

27
Q

there is increased __________ activity in Paget’s disease

A

osteoclastic

28
Q

what is the net result in Paget’s disease?

A

more bone - not normally structured

thick excess bone with abnormal reversal lines – mosaic pattern

29
Q

name the genetic elements important in Paget’s disease

A

SQSTMI/p62

RANKL

30
Q

viral infection is important in Paget’s disease

true or false?

A

true

measles

31
Q

what bones does Paget’s primarily affect?

A

axial

32
Q

leontiasis ossea and platybasia and sabre tibia refer to what?

A

enlargement and abnormal shaped bones

33
Q

is there pain in Paget’s?

A

yes - micro fracture or nerve compression

34
Q

are you at increased risk to a secondary malignancy like osseosacoma in Paget’s?

A

yes

35
Q

what is osteomalacia due to?

A

abnormal vitamin D metabolism

36
Q

what is osteomalacia related to?

A

sun exposure

37
Q

what is seen in the young related to osteomalacia?

A

rickets - bowed legs

38
Q

what are the initial phases in bone fracture?

A

haematoma - fibrin mesh
influx of inflammatory cells
cytokine release
callus and remodelling at bone ends after 1 week

39
Q

what is seen in weeks 2-3 post fracture?

A

callus

woven bone deposited perpendicular to cortical bone

40
Q

what can cause a pathological fracture?

A

osteoporosis

tumours - benign or malignant

41
Q

metastatic disease in bone are __________ - resorbed bone and appear radiolucent

A

osteolytic

42
Q

what type of metastatic disease appears as areas of opacity on x ray?

A

prostate

osteosclerotic

43
Q

what is avascular necrosis?

A

bone infarction

44
Q

what causes avascular necrosis?

A

asymptomatic
trauma
alcohol

45
Q

what us seen histologically in avascular necrosis?

A

creeping substitution

46
Q

loss of joint space is due to loss of…

A

cartilage

47
Q

subchondral sclerosis is due to…

A

eburnation

48
Q

subchondral cysts are due to…

A

synovial fluid accumulation

49
Q

osteophytes are due to…

A

disorganised bone remodelling

50
Q

Who makes more money a drug dealer or a prostitute?

A

Mhairi Millar the hooker cause she can wash her crack and reuse it ;)

Musculoskeletal (37 decks)

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