Non-Neoplastic Pathology

Question 1

name some non-neoplastic MSK pathology

Answer 1

Connective tissue diseases
Metabolic diseases
Fractures
Degenerative Disease

Question 2

what type of condition is connective tissue disease?

Answer 2

autoimmune condition

Question 3

what factor is seen in rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 3

rheumatoid factor

auto ab against Fc IgG

Question 4

what autoantibody is seen in scleroderma?

Answer 4

anti centromere

Question 5

what autoantibody is seen in dermatomyositis?

Answer 5

anti Jo

Question 6

in rheumatoid arthritis’ acute phase, the term given to inflammatory granulation tissue is what?

Answer 6

pannus formation

Question 7

what is seen in rheumatoid arthritis on X-ray?

Answer 7

destroyed cartilage resulting in loss of joint space

Question 8

what 2 autoantibodies are important in SLE?

Answer 8

ANA and Anti Double Stranded DNA

Question 9

list 3 metabolic diseases

Answer 9

Pagets
Osteomalacia
Crystal arthropathies

Question 10

what is the other name for crystal arthropathy?

Answer 10

gout

Question 11

what is the end-product of purine synthesis?

Answer 11

uric acid

Question 12

what 2 things can cause hyperuricaemia?

Answer 12

increased production or reduced excretion

Question 13

what is the known enzyme defect resulting in increased production of urate?

Answer 13

HGPRT deficiency

Question 14

name the rare condition with HGPRT deficiency

Answer 14

Lysch Nyhan syndrome

Question 15

what skin manifestation is also seen in increased production of urate?

Answer 15

psoriasis

Question 16

what is the most common cause of gout? increased production or reduced excretion?

Answer 16

reduced excretion

Question 17

name the drug which reduced urate excretion

Answer 17

thiazide diuretics

Question 18

deposition of crystals in soft tissues is known as…

Answer 18

gouty tophus

Question 19

name the main clinical manifestation of gout which is serious

Answer 19

renal disease

Question 20

what do you use to visualise crystals in gout?

Answer 20

cross-polarised light

Question 21

what are the crystals shaped like in gout?

Answer 21

needle shaped

Question 22

what chemical makes up the crystals in gout?

Answer 22

pyrophosphate

Question 23

what chemical makes up the crystals in pseudogout?

Answer 23

calcium

Question 24

in whom is pseudogout more common?

Answer 24

older individuals in large joints

Question 25

what shape are the crystals in pseudogout?

Answer 25

rhomboid shaped

Question 26

what is Paget's an abnormality in?

Answer 26

bone turnover

Question 27

there is increased __________ activity in Paget's disease

Answer 27

osteoclastic

Question 28

what is the net result in Paget's disease?

Answer 28

more bone - not normally structured thick excess bone with abnormal reversal lines – mosaic pattern

Question 29

name the genetic elements important in Paget's disease

Answer 29

SQSTMI/p62 | RANKL

Question 30

viral infection is important in Paget's disease true or false?

Answer 30

true measles

Question 31

what bones does Paget's primarily affect?

Answer 31

axial

Question 32

leontiasis ossea and platybasia and sabre tibia refer to what?

Answer 32

enlargement and abnormal shaped bones

Question 33

is there pain in Paget's?

Answer 33

yes - micro fracture or nerve compression

Question 34

are you at increased risk to a secondary malignancy like osseosacoma in Paget's?

Answer 34

yes

Question 35

what is osteomalacia due to?

Answer 35

abnormal vitamin D metabolism

Question 36

what is osteomalacia related to?

Answer 36

sun exposure

Question 37

what is seen in the young related to osteomalacia?

Answer 37

rickets - bowed legs

Question 38

what are the initial phases in bone fracture?

Answer 38

haematoma - fibrin mesh influx of inflammatory cells cytokine release callus and remodelling at bone ends after 1 week

Question 39

what is seen in weeks 2-3 post fracture?

Answer 39

callus | woven bone deposited perpendicular to cortical bone

Question 40

what can cause a pathological fracture?

Answer 40

osteoporosis | tumours - benign or malignant

Question 41

metastatic disease in bone are __________ - resorbed bone and appear radiolucent

Answer 41

osteolytic

Question 42

what type of metastatic disease appears as areas of opacity on x ray?

Answer 42

prostate | osteosclerotic

Question 43

what is avascular necrosis?

Answer 43

bone infarction

Question 44

what causes avascular necrosis?

Answer 44

asymptomatic trauma alcohol

Question 45

what us seen histologically in avascular necrosis?

Answer 45

creeping substitution

Question 46

loss of joint space is due to loss of...

Answer 46

cartilage

Question 47

subchondral sclerosis is due to...

Answer 47

eburnation

Question 48

subchondral cysts are due to...

Answer 48

synovial fluid accumulation

Question 49

osteophytes are due to...

Answer 49

disorganised bone remodelling

Question 50

Who makes more money a drug dealer or a prostitute?

Answer 50

Mhairi Millar the hooker cause she can wash her crack and reuse it ;)