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Musculoskeletal > Adult Foot and Ankle Disorders > Flashcards

Adult Foot and Ankle Disorders Flashcards

Mr F Harrold

1
Q

what is the most common foot and ankle pathology?

A

Hallux Valgus

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2
Q

the eye doesn’t see what…

A

the mind doesn’t know

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3
Q

name the 3 rockers in the gait of the foot

A

1st Rocker - Heel strike to flat foot
2nd Rocker - Mid stance
3rd Rocker - Heel rise

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4
Q

Pes Planus is a normal varient associated with ligamentous laxity

true or false?

A

true

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5
Q

what is the most common cause of acquired flatfoot deformity in adults?

A

tibialis posterior dysfunction

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6
Q

what is the course of tibialis posterior dysfunction?

A

immediately posterior to medial malleolus

attaches on to navicular tuberosity and plantar aspect of medial and middle cuneiforms

primary dynamic stabiliser of medial longitudinal arch – elevates arch

invertor & plantar-flexor

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7
Q

in whom is tibialis posterior dysfunction common in?

A 
obese
middle aged
female
flat foot
hypertension
diabetes
steroids
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8
Q

what is sign of tibialis posterior dysfunction?

A

Pain and/or swelling posterior to medial malleolus – very specific

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9
Q

how many types of TPD are there?

A

I, II, III, IV

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10
Q

what is the treatment in TPD?

A

physiotherapy
insole
footwear
surgery

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11
Q

what is Pes Cavus?

A

claw foot

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12
Q

what is plantar fasciitis?

A

tenderness over plantar aspect of heel and/or plantarmedial aspect of heel

fullness or swelling plantarmedial aspect of heel

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13
Q

plantar fasciitis is worse after ________.

A

exercise

pain after rest also

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14
Q

what are the causes of plantar fasciitis?

A 
physical overload - exercise or weight
seronegative arthropathy
diabetes
abnormal foot shape
improper footwear?
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15
Q

what is the treatment in plantar fasciitis?

A 
NSAIDs
night splints
taping
heel cups
physiotherapy
injection steroid
surgery - 50/50
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16
Q

the best treatment of plantar fasciitis is…

A

self management

self limiting over 18-24 months

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17
Q

what is Hallus Valgus?

A

deformity of 1st MTPJ - bunion

18
Q

what is the incidence of Hallus Valgus?

A 
increases with age
bilateral
3F > 1M
adolescence
RA
19
Q

what is Hallux Rigidus?

A

osteoarthritis of 1st MTPJ

20
Q

what is the management in Hallux Rigidus?

A

Non-operative

Operative:

  • Joint replacement
  • Fusion (arthrodesis)

great success rates

21
Q

RA effects the feet in __% or cases

A

90%

22
Q

what foot condition is seen in diabetic patients?

A

Charcot’s

23
Q

what does Charcot’s do?

A

melts the bone

24
Q

what is Mortons’s neuroma?

A

degenerative fibrosis of digital nerve near it’s bifurcation

25
Q

what is the most common part of the foot where pain is experienced in Mortons’s neuroma?

A

forefoot (metatarsalgia)

26
Q

what is the mean age of Mortons’s neuroma? what sex?

A

45-50

female

27
Q

what is the management in Mortons’s neuroma?

A

non-operative = insoles and injections

operative = excise

28
Q

what is tendon-achilles tendinosis?

A

repetitive microtrauma, failure of collagen repair with loss of fibre alignment/structure

29
Q

in what age does tendo-achilles rupture occur in?

A

over 40 with pre existing tendiosis

30
Q

what are the clinical signs of tendo-achilles rupture?

A

unable to bear weight
weak plantar flexion
positive calf squeeze (Simmonds) test

31
Q

what causes ankle sprains?

A

twisting forces - inversion on planted foot

32
Q

ankle sprains take ______ to resolve than fracture

A

longer

33
Q

Brostrum Gould and Chrisman Snook are the _________ management of ankle sprains

A

operative

34
Q

what is the classification of ankle fractures?

A

Weber A, B, C

35
Q

Distal fibula fracture with no medial malleolus fracture or deltoid ligament rupture

stable or unstable ankle fracture?

A

stable

36
Q

Distal fibula fracture WITH medial malleolus fracture or deltoid ligament rupture

stable or unstable ankle fracture?

A

unstable

37
Q

what are Pilon fractures and what causes them?

A

a fracture of the distal part of the tibia, involving its articular surface at the ankle joint

high energy like falls and road traffic accidents

38
Q

a Jones fracture is a fracture of what?

A

the base and middle part of the fifth metatarsal of the foot

39
Q

what is a Lisfranc injury?

A

injury of the foot in which one or more of the metatarsal bones are displaced from the tarsus

40
Q

calcaneus fractures are caused by that?

A

fall from height on feet

Musculoskeletal (37 decks)

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