Neoplastic Pathology Flashcards
Dr N Kernohan
what genetic investigation is used to detect specific abnormalities?
FISH
ganglion cysts, giant cell tumours and fibrzomatosis are rare benign lesions
true or false?
false
common, benign lesions
fibrous cortical defect and fibrous dysplasia are ____ benign lesions
rare
where in the body are ganglion cysts common?
peripheral and near joint or tendon sheath
common around wrist
there is no _________ lining in ganglion cysts - not a true cyst
epithelial lining
what type of material is seen histologically on ganglion cysts?
myxoid material
name the 5 types of superficial fibromatoses
- common
- dupuytren’s
- knuckle pads
- plantar
- penile - peyronie’s
dupytren’s:
common? sex? age? cause? associations?
common - yes sex - male age - 60 cause - idiopathic associations - alcohol, DM and anticonvulsants
what 2 places do deep fibrzomatosis occur?
mesenteric or pelvic
what tumours are associated with deep fibromatosis?
desmoid tumours
what syndrome is associated with deep fibromatosis?
Gardner’s Syndrome (FAP)
giant cell tumours affect what 2 places in the body?
large joints
digits
Pigmented villonodular synovitis are giant cell tumours that affect what?
large joints
Giant cell tumour of tendon sheath affect what?
digits
what is worse - GCTS or PVNS?
PVNS - more destructive and diffuse in joint space
what are tumours derived from fat called?
lipomas
where are nuclei in lipomas?
small and at the edge?
what forms of lipoma are there?
Fibrolipoma Angiolipoma Spindle cell lipoma Pleomorphic lipoma Atypical lipoma
are angiolipomas painful?
yes
what does ANGEL stand for?
Angiolipoma Neuroma (traumatic) Glomus tumour (nail beds etc.) Eccrine spiradenoma (skin adnexal tumour) Cutaneous leiomyoma (of erector pilae)
what are malignant fat tumours called?
liposarcoma
what are tumours derived from smooth muscle called?
leiomyoma
are leiomyomas common?
yes - very
are leiomyosarcomas common?
no - uncommon
what are you looking for in smooth muscle histology?
IHC
actin
desmon
caldesmon
what are tumours of skeletal muscle called?
Rhabdomyomas
are Rhabdomyomas very rare?
yes
Rhabdomyomas in the heart are limited to __________ age group
paediatic
Rhabdomyosarcomas can be of 3 types. name them.
embryonal childhood
alveolar - young adults
pleomorphic - rare
enchondromas and chondromyxoid fibroma are tumours of what?
cartilage
Enchondromas can be part of syndromes. what are they?
Ollier’s and Maffuci
do cartilage tumours affect children?
no
what age group does cartilage tumours affect?
40-50s
simple osteomas affect what bones?
cranial bones
what are tumours of the bone called?
osteomas
multiple osteomas occur in what syndrome?
Gardner’s syndrome
osteosarcomas occur in what group of aged people?
paediatric age group
what type of bones are affected by osteosarcoma?
long bones
codman’s triangle is important in what investigation?
radiology
what do osteosarcomas produce?
osteoid
name 2 types of bone sarcoma with uncertain origin
Ewing’s sarcoma
synovial sarcoma
Ewing’s sarcoma is seen in who?
children and adolescents
Ewing’s sarcoma is ___________, rapidly _______ and highly _________
destructive
rapidly growing
highly malignant
t(11;22)(EWS-FLI1) is the genetic abnormality in Ewing’s sarcoma
true or false?
true
Ewing’s sarcoma are _____ _____ ____ ____ tumours
small round blue cell tumours
Sarcomatoid carcinomas causes problems with diagnosis, you should look for dysplasia and are often _____ positive
actin
pitfalls in diagnosis of bone tumours?
pseudosarcomas
tissues undergoing repair appear atypical
Any age group Rapid growth Small(ish) Occasionally history of preceeding trauma Very chaotic appearance Haemorrhage Pseudocystic spaces Large atypical cells Frequent mitoses Normal mitoses
diagnosis?
nodular fascitis
Like nodular fasciitis
Reactive small and relatively short history
Preceding trauma
Big muscles – quadriceps, gluteus, occ brachialis
Zonation – all about organsiation
Clue from radiology
diagnosis?
Myositis ossificans
what protein is apple green birefringence with congo red staining?
amyloid protein
what factor is present in rheumatoid arthritis?
rheumatoid factor
what Ig is important in rheumatoid arthritis?
IgM
pannus formation important
what is important in scleroderma?
anti-centromere
what is important in:
sjogrens -
dermatomyositis -
sjogrens - Anti Ro La
dermatomyositis - Anti Jo
what does Luiseach Mathers and a horse have in common?
they both just sit there and give people free rides
