Neoplastic Pathology

Question 1

what genetic investigation is used to detect specific abnormalities?

Answer 1

FISH

Question 2

ganglion cysts, giant cell tumours and fibrzomatosis are rare benign lesions

true or false?

Answer 2

false

common, benign lesions

Question 3

fibrous cortical defect and fibrous dysplasia are ____ benign lesions

Answer 3

rare

Question 4

where in the body are ganglion cysts common?

Answer 4

peripheral and near joint or tendon sheath

common around wrist

Question 5

there is no _________ lining in ganglion cysts - not a true cyst

Answer 5

epithelial lining

Question 6

what type of material is seen histologically on ganglion cysts?

Answer 6

myxoid material

Question 7

name the 5 types of superficial fibromatoses

Answer 7

1. common
2. dupuytren’s
3. knuckle pads
4. plantar
5. penile - peyronie’s

Question 8

dupytren’s:

common?
sex?
age?
cause?
associations?

Answer 8

common - yes
sex - male
age - 60
cause - idiopathic
associations - alcohol, DM and anticonvulsants

Question 9

what 2 places do deep fibrzomatosis occur?

Answer 9

mesenteric or pelvic

Question 10

what tumours are associated with deep fibromatosis?

Answer 10

desmoid tumours

Question 11

what syndrome is associated with deep fibromatosis?

Answer 11

Gardner’s Syndrome (FAP)

Question 12

giant cell tumours affect what 2 places in the body?

Answer 12

large joints

digits

Question 13

Pigmented villonodular synovitis are giant cell tumours that affect what?

Answer 13

large joints

Question 14

Giant cell tumour of tendon sheath affect what?

Answer 14

digits

Question 15

what is worse - GCTS or PVNS?

Answer 15

PVNS - more destructive and diffuse in joint space

Question 16

what are tumours derived from fat called?

Answer 16

lipomas

Question 17

where are nuclei in lipomas?

Answer 17

small and at the edge?

Question 18

what forms of lipoma are there?

Answer 18

Fibrolipoma
Angiolipoma
Spindle cell lipoma
Pleomorphic lipoma
Atypical lipoma

Question 19

are angiolipomas painful?

Answer 19

yes

Question 20

what does ANGEL stand for?

Answer 20

Angiolipoma
Neuroma (traumatic)
Glomus tumour (nail beds etc.)
Eccrine spiradenoma (skin adnexal tumour)
Cutaneous leiomyoma (of erector pilae)

Question 21

what are malignant fat tumours called?

Answer 21

liposarcoma

Question 22

what are tumours derived from smooth muscle called?

Answer 22

leiomyoma

Question 23

are leiomyomas common?

Answer 23

yes - very

Question 24

are leiomyosarcomas common?

Answer 24

no - uncommon

Question 25

what are you looking for in smooth muscle histology?

Answer 25

IHC
actin
desmon
caldesmon

Question 26

what are tumours of skeletal muscle called?

Answer 26

Rhabdomyomas

Question 27

are Rhabdomyomas very rare?

Answer 27

yes

Question 28

Rhabdomyomas in the heart are limited to __________ age group

Answer 28

paediatic

Question 29

Rhabdomyosarcomas can be of 3 types. name them.

Answer 29

embryonal childhood
alveolar - young adults
pleomorphic - rare

Question 30

enchondromas and chondromyxoid fibroma are tumours of what?

Answer 30

cartilage

Question 31

Enchondromas can be part of syndromes. what are they?

Answer 31

Ollier’s and Maffuci

Question 32

do cartilage tumours affect children?

Answer 32

no

Question 33

what age group does cartilage tumours affect?

Answer 33

40-50s

Question 34

simple osteomas affect what bones?

Answer 34

cranial bones

Question 35

what are tumours of the bone called?

Answer 35

osteomas

Question 36

multiple osteomas occur in what syndrome?

Answer 36

Gardner’s syndrome

Question 37

osteosarcomas occur in what group of aged people?

Answer 37

paediatric age group

Question 38

what type of bones are affected by osteosarcoma?

Answer 38

long bones

Question 39

codman’s triangle is important in what investigation?

Answer 39

radiology

Question 40

what do osteosarcomas produce?

Answer 40

osteoid

Question 41

name 2 types of bone sarcoma with uncertain origin

Answer 41

Ewing’s sarcoma

synovial sarcoma

Question 42

Ewing’s sarcoma is seen in who?

Answer 42

children and adolescents

Question 43

Ewing’s sarcoma is ___________, rapidly _______ and highly _________

Answer 43

destructive
rapidly growing
highly malignant

Question 44

t(11;22)(EWS-FLI1) is the genetic abnormality in Ewing’s sarcoma

true or false?

Answer 44

true

Question 45

Ewing’s sarcoma are _____ _____ ____ ____ tumours

Answer 45

small round blue cell tumours

Question 46

Sarcomatoid carcinomas causes problems with diagnosis, you should look for dysplasia and are often _____ positive

Answer 46

actin

Question 47

pitfalls in diagnosis of bone tumours?

Answer 47

pseudosarcomas

tissues undergoing repair appear atypical

Question 48

Any age group 
Rapid growth
Small(ish)
Occasionally history of preceeding trauma
Very chaotic appearance
Haemorrhage
Pseudocystic spaces
Large atypical cells
Frequent mitoses
Normal mitoses

diagnosis?

Answer 48

nodular fascitis

Question 49

Like nodular fasciitis
Reactive small and relatively short history
Preceding trauma
Big muscles – quadriceps, gluteus, occ brachialis
Zonation – all about organsiation
Clue from radiology

diagnosis?

Answer 49

Myositis ossificans

Question 50

what protein is apple green birefringence with congo red staining?

Answer 50

amyloid protein

Question 51

what factor is present in rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 51

rheumatoid factor

Question 52

what Ig is important in rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 52

IgM

pannus formation important

Question 53

what is important in scleroderma?

Answer 53

anti-centromere

Question 54

what is important in:

sjogrens -
dermatomyositis -

Answer 54

sjogrens - Anti Ro La

dermatomyositis - Anti Jo

Question 55

what does Luiseach Mathers and a horse have in common?

Answer 55

they both just sit there and give people free rides