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12th grade > Online gov > Flashcards

Online gov Flashcards

1
Q

Government

A

group of ppl entrust with making/enforcing laws/policies agreed upon by population
PROTECT PPL’S POSSESSIONS

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2
Q

how gov started

A

early ppl lived simply and share food/stuff. as group grew larger, life is difficult n gov grew in size/power.

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3
Q

Gov has 3 kinds of power

A

legislative
executive
judicial

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4
Q

legislative power

A

power to make laws-CONGRESS

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5
Q

executive power

A

power to enforce laws-PRESIDENT

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6
Q

judicial power

A

settle arguments n decide meaning of law=constitutional

SUPREME COURT

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7
Q

constitution

A

where gov outlines their power

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8
Q

dictatorship

A

country where one person/group has power/responsibilities to carry out gov law
authoritarian

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9
Q

democracy

A

ppl hold the power

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10
Q

politics

A

process of how society decides how gov is run/ how leaders chosen

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11
Q

public policy

A

law n goals that gov follows

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12
Q

state

A

territory that has a gov w/absolute power to decide policies

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13
Q

4 characteristics of state.

states must have

A

population

territory

sovereignty: ability to make/enforce policies within it border

gov

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14
Q

origin of state-theories

A

force
evolutionary
divine right
social contract

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15
Q

force theory

A

state began when a small group takes over another area n force ppl to follow their rules

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16
Q

evolutionary theory

A

began as a family (already w/ gov n territory) that grew as related family joins/cooperate

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17
Q

divine right theory

A

god created state n gave royals “divine right” to rule

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18
Q

Social Contract theory

A

USA ppl come together w/ common need for security=stateppl gave power to gov

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19
Q

Preamble of constitution

A

outline role/purpose of gov

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20
Q
  • form a more perfect union
A

diff states joining 2 protect their independence

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21
Q
  • establish justice
A

create laws: reasonable/fair

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22
Q
  • insure domestic tranquility
A

gov provides peace/order

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23
Q
  • provide for common defense
A

gov must protect w/ army

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24
Q
  • promote the general wellfare
A

gov must provide for the need of the ppl: school/road

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25
Q

secure the blessing of liberty

A

gov offers freedom to all

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26
Q

ways gov are classified

A

number of ppl participating in running gov

the way the state divides gov’s power geographically

relationship btw legislative/executive

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27
Q

ber of ppl participating in running gov

A

democratic or dictatorship

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28
Q

representative democracy
indirect democracy
gov by popular consent

A

most common

small group of ppl is chosen to represent the ppl

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29
Q

direct democracy

pure democracy

A

ppl themselves create laws/policies

only in local towns/communities

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30
Q

totalitarian

A

private/public life of citizens r controlled/monitored

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31
Q

autocracy

A

single person holds power

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32
Q

oligarchy

A

small group of ppl holds power

most commonly: ppl compete for power

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33
Q

power distribution geographically

A

federal gov
confederate
unitary

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34
Q

federal government

A

national gov n states r equal USA

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35
Q

confederate government

A

most power belongs to local/regional gov

central can’t make laws, just deal w/ trade,foreign

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36
Q

unitary government

A

most power resides in central gov

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37
Q

relationship btw legislative/executive branches

A

presidential

parliamentary

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38
Q

presidential gov USA

A

executive/legislative branches r separate but equal. check n balances

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39
Q

parliamentary gov UK N OTHER DEMOC

A

executive: prime minister n their cabinet

executive are part of parliament: fewer conflict btw

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40
Q

Foundation of democracy

A

every person has worth/dignity, freedom and is equal.
Majority rule (insist on minority rights)
Compromise
can’t take away freedom of another
BALANCE BTW FREEDOM/LAW

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41
Q

citizenship

A

hold certain rights, duties, responsibilities

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42
Q

citizens duties

A

required, for benefit of the citizen

pay taxes, going to school, obey laws

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43
Q

citizen responsibilities

A

encourage

voting/helping in the community

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44
Q

Free enterprise system- capitalism

A 
reinforces belief in individual freedom
business competition: driving force
workers compete for jobs
consumer benefit from low prices, buy/sell good/services
gov: pass laws/regulation
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45
Q

law of supply/demand

A

increase supply: decrease price

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46
Q

constitutional convention

A

held in philadelphia state house
secretive
delegates agreed not to discuss convention business with outsiders
did not want public to be allowed to judge their ideas until they were finished

Gw= leader
ministers to europe were not there
Tjefferson=france
John Adam=britain

lots of compromise

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47
Q

Framers of the constitution

A

delegates to constitutional convention
important, fought in revolution
young men
diverse background

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48
Q

father of constitution

A

james madison
contribute more than others, record most of the events
want to remove articles of confederation
help create bill of rights. National gov should serve citizen not states. 4th president

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49
Q

george washington

A

commander of the continental army
most admired American bc military leadership
unanimous vote for him

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50
Q

alexander hamilton

A

lawyer, signer of constitution

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51
Q

robert morris

A

major financier of the revolution

52
Q

Ben Franklin

A 
writer
inventor
diplomat
legislator
printer
53
Q

George Mason

A

author of virginia declaration of rights

54
Q

Virginia plan

A

strong central gov w/ 3 Branches
bicameral legislature/congress
representatives were linked to wealth/population

HOUSE: members elected from each state
SENATE: chosen by House

Congress would choose National Executive and Judiciary

states have representative gov

55
Q

New Jersey Plan

A

suggested by smaller states
no branches
unicameral congress w/ states represented equally
congress could impose taxes n regulate trade
executive: more than one person

56
Q

Great Compromise

Connecticut

A

2 legislature
one part: chosen according to population
other part: have 2 representative from each state

57
Q

3/5 compromise

A

whether slaves should b counted for tax collection
5 slaves=3 freeman
were counted to figure out how much states owed the fed gov in taxes

allow for south to count their slaves

58
Q

Interstate trade compromise

A

trade btw states controlled by congress

states control trade within their own territory

59
Q

trade btw countries regulation compromise

A

North: congress control it
South: No bc export large amt of rice/tobacco. were afraid of loosing the trade if congress taxed goods

Congress could tax imports but not exports

60
Q

Slave compromise

A

south worried congress would stop slave trade. so congress couldn’t end slave trade for 20 yrs

61
Q

after Compromises

A

Not all delegates were willing to sign so the final paragraph were worded carefully to give the impression of unanimity

62
Q

For ratification of Constitution

A

Federalist favored it bc strong national gov. Strong central authority was necessary to defend the nation and unity
check and balances
independent judicial branch

63
Q

Federalist ppl

A

Alexander Hamilton
James Madison
John Kay

64
Q

Federalist

A

wrote essay under name Pubius called Federalist Papers that explained new gov n persuade ppl to join it

65
Q

Rule of the Law

A

gov leaders must act according to the law. no one is above it. Military is under civilian control

66
Q

Enumerated powers

A

18 powers of congress written into Constitution

67
Q

Anti Constitution

A

Anti-Federalist
stronger state gov
Constitution would take away individual n state rights
National gov would be too powerful

68
Q

Anti Federalist ppl

A

Patrick Henry

John Hancock

69
Q

Agreement btw Federalist and AntiFederalist

A

Federalist agreed to add amendments to the Constitution to protect ppl’s basic rights: Bill of Rights

70
Q

States Ratifications

A

delaware= first
Virginia/ NY= strugle
9 states were needed

71
Q

Starting new gov

A

NYC temp capital- GW took oath there

then moved to Philadelphia then to Washington DC

72
Q

First Congress gathering

A

states elected senator and representative to serve in the new Congress.
Bc it lacked quorum (majority) and couldn’t finish counting the votes for president until a month lator

73
Q

Purpose of Constitution

A

how new gov should b set up and run
outlines basic principles of gov and how leaders are elected.
Gov must follow certain rules and limits written by Framers

74
Q

popular sovereignty

A

voters express their will to the gov

75
Q

Structure of Constitution

A

Begins Preamble/intro
7 sections/articles
The 27 amendment

76
Q

Constitution articles

A

First 3: outline the 3 branches l,e,j

4th: relationship btw national gov n state (and among states)
5th: explains how amend were added
6th: it is the law of the land, national debt, oaths of office
7th: ratification

77
Q

6 principles necessary for democratic gov

A 
pop sovereignty
limit gov
separation of power
checks and balances
judicial review
federalism
78
Q

popular soverignty

A 
ppl holds all political power
ppl choose leaders who will do what they want
express the will of the ppl
gov get its power from the ppl 
state leaders- elected
79
Q

2nd amendment

A

gun control
a well-regulated militia necessary to security
right of ppl to keep/bear arm

80
Q

Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act

A

requires 5 day waiting period to buy handgun n require background checks

81
Q

legislative power

A 
make laws 
approve appointments president makes
impeach fed justice n president
approve treaties
create low courts
overrides veto w/ 2/3 majority
approve $ country spends
82
Q

Executive power

A

veto bills
appoint officials- ambassador/judges
cals special sessions of Congress

83
Q

Judicial power

A

tell what laws mean and whether it agrees to constitution. if not Congress has to change or make new
declare other branch’s action constitutional

84
Q

Judicial review

A

court’s power to decide whether or not an action of gov is constitutional
this is not identified in constitution

Marbury v Maison

85
Q

Federalism

A

a gov system where power is divided btw fed and stte gov

both would have their own agencies/official and pass laws
limit powers of fed gov

86
Q

principle

A

a basic truth, law or ideal behavior

87
Q

Amendments

A

change to the constitution. Article 5 tells how changes can b made in constitution

1st: propose
2nd: ratify

when congress proposes, it chooses how to ratify

88
Q

Amendments proposed by Congress

A

2/3 vote in both senate and house

Then sent to state legislature. 3/4 must ratify (38 states)
26 amendments done this way

Sent to state conventions. Ratifies by 3/4 of them. 21st amendment: repealing

89
Q

amendments proposed at national convention

A

proposed at national convention called by congress when requested by 2/3 of state legislature

Ratified by 3/4 state legislature (never done b4)

Ratified by conventions in 3/4 of the states (ex. Constitution)

90
Q

ratifying convention

A

delegates are chosen baed on their stand on the amendment

popular sovereignty

91
Q

state legislation

A

elected for many reason

92
Q

ratification of amendment

A

amendment (proposed by Congress) can’t be approved until ratified by state legislature

state legislature can ask for ppl to advise the legislature before decision

93
Q

state ratification of amendment

A

If reject: can late change its decision n ratify
If approves: cannot change decision

Congress can set time limit on ratification period (7 yrs)

94
Q

1

A

freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly

95
Q

2

A

right to bear arms

96
Q

3

A

protection from having to house soldier w/o consent

97
Q

4

A

protection against searches/seizures w/p probable cause

98
Q

5

A

protection from testifying against oneself, being tried for the same crime twice,
prosecution w/o accusation,
loss w/o due process of law or compensation

99
Q

6

A 
rights to a speedy trial by fair jury
inform of charges
cross examine witness
present witness
attorney
100
Q

7

A

right to trial by jury

101
Q

8

A

protection from excessive bail/fine and cruel punishment

102
Q

9

A

other unwritten rights for ppl not stated in constitution

103
Q

10

A

powers not belonging to fed is given to state

104
Q

11

A

states can’t be sued by citizen in other states

105
Q

12

A

chang in electoral college

106
Q

13

A

outlawed slavery

107
Q

14

A

defined citizenship (esp AA

108
Q

15

A

aa men rights to vote

109
Q

16

A

congress given power to tax income

110
Q

17

A

US senators elected by the ppl

111
Q

18

A

prohibition of alcohol (noble experiment)

112
Q

19

A

women vote

113
Q

20

A

change dates president and congressional terms

114
Q

21

A

ends alcohol prohibition

repeal 18

115
Q

22

A

limit a president for 2 terms

after FDR 4 terms

116
Q

23

A

allow ppl in washington DC to vote

117
Q

24

A

end poll taxes

118
Q

25

A

who replaces president if office becomes vacant

119
Q

26

A

18 yrs to vote

result of vietnam war

120
Q

27

A

congress pay raises not effective until next congress election

forbid members of congress from raising their own pay during same term

took 200 yrs to b ratified

121
Q

ERA

A

equal rights amendment for women

almost passed, 3 states short

122
Q

informal amendments sources

A 
Basic legislation
executive action
court decision
party
custom

expansion of powers written in constitution

123
Q

Basic legislation

informal amendments

A

congress pass laws that help explain meaning of parts of constitution
passed Judiciary Act: can create fed courts (not supreme court)
set up other agencies, department, offices in executive branch
Constitution lets Congress regulate commerce so Congress passed thousands of laws about it

124
Q

Executive action

informal amendments

A

Thomas Jefferson- Louisiana Purchse

Executive agreement: agreement btw president n leaders of a foreign country don’t have to b approved by congress

Method to deliever state of the union address (president is required by constitution og periodically address Congress). now: televised annually. written is also common

125
Q

Judicial Actions

informal amendments

A

Judicial review: not specifically mentioned in Constition

126
Q

Parties

informal amendments

A

constitution don’t mention political parties, GW feared it would divide. It doesn’t say how candidates for president should b nominated so parties decide which decrease electoral college’s importance

127
Q

Custom

informal amendments

A

followed but not written into constitution

head of executive department= cabinet/advisors
VP replace after he/she died-25 amendment
no third term - 22 amendment

12th grade (39 decks)

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