Apes Ch.14

Question 1

Groundwater

Answer 1

Water that sinks into the soil and is stored in slowly flowing and slowly renewed underground reservoirs called aquifers

Question 2

Zone of saturation

Answer 2

Area where all available pores in soil and rock in the earth’s crust are filled by water

Question 3

Water table

Answer 3

Upper surface of the zone of saturation, in which all available pores in the soil and rock in the earth’s crust are filled with water

Question 4

Aquifer

Answer 4

underground places where water collects

Question 5

Drip irrigation

Answer 5

delivers small amount of water directly to plants’ roots

Question 6

Watershed

Answer 6

Land area that delivers water, sediment, and dissolved substances via smalls streams to a major stream (river)

Question 7

Center pivot

Answer 7

a method of crop irrigation in which equipment rotates around a pivot

Question 8

Desalination

Answer 8

Purification of salt water or brackish (slightly salty) water by removal of dissolved salts.

Question 9

Reverse osmosis

Answer 9

a device that forces water, under pressure, against a fine membrane to remove minute particles of contaminants

Question 10

Consumptive water use

Answer 10

using water and not returning it to its original source-mostly because of losses such as evaporation, seepage into the ground, transport to another area, or contamination.

Question 11

Natural recharge

Answer 11

Natural replenishment of an aquifer by precipitation, which percolates downward through soil and rock.

Question 12

Floodplain

Answer 12

Flat valley floor next to a stream channel. For legal purposes, the term often applies to any low area that has the potential for flooding, including certain coastal areas.

Question 13

Ogallala aquifer

Answer 13

a nonrenewable aquifer that stretches across the U.S. Great Plains from North Dakota to Texas.

Question 14

saltwater intrusion

Answer 14

movement of saltwater into freshwater aquifers in coastal and inland areas as groundwater is withdrawn faster than it is recharged by precipitation

Question 15

Distillation

Answer 15

A process that separates the substances in a solution based on their boiling points

Question 16

Grey water

Answer 16

all of the wastewater that drains from washing machines, sinks, dishwashers, tubs or showers and can be reused for non-sanitary purposes

Question 17

Hydrological poverty

Answer 17

Serious water shortages are emerging as the demand for water in many countries simply outruns the supply forcing people to live in poverty.

Question 18

Nonconsumptive use

Answer 18

fresh water use in which the water from a particular aquifer or surface water body either is not removed or is removed only temporarily and then returned

Question 19

Channelization

Answer 19

Altering a stream channel to speed the flow of water to prevent it from reaching flood height

Question 20

Land subsidies

Answer 20

Sinking of the Earth’s surface (depletion of groundwater/divergent boundary)

Question 21

Reliable runoff

Answer 21

surface runoff of water that generally can be counted on as a stable source of water from year to year

Question 22

Soil moisture detector

Answer 22

alert farmers if soil moisture is too high or low

Question 23

Tiered water pricing system

Answer 23

system in which the required amount of needed water costs very little, however increases of water use cost increasingly more money

Question 24

Water hotspot

Answer 24

In these areas, competition for scarce water to support growing urban areas, irrigation, recreation, and wildlife could trigger intense political and legal conflicts; where water is scarce.

Question 25

Withdrawal

Answer 25

total amount of freshwater we remove from a river, lake, or aquifer

Question 26

Xeriscaping

Answer 26

a method of landscaping that uses plants that are well adapted to the local area and are drought resistant.

Question 27

Cloud seeding

Answer 27

the process of introducing freezing nuclei or condensation nuclei into a cloud in order to cause rain to fall

Question 28

Flood irrigation

Answer 28

water is poured through canals and waterways so that it flows through fields

Question 29

Artesian well

Answer 29

well in which water is under pressure; especially : one in which the water flows to the surface naturally. 2 : a deep well.

Question 30

Levees

Answer 30

raised banks along a stream channel that increase velocity, upstream risks and create false security to live by bodies of water likely to flood

Question 31

Isotope hydrology

Answer 31

allows scientists to identify the origins, age, size, flow, and fate of water in aquifiers

Question 32

nile

Answer 32

ethiopia,sudan,egypt uses from nile. ethio n sudan wants to divert more water bc increase in population: hydrological poverty

Question 33

jordan basin

Answer 33

least water containing basin in ME
jordan, syria, palestine, isreal
syria wants to build dam due to high popu
decresing water for the other countries. cooperation was reached

Question 34

tigris/euphrates

Answer 34

turkey: lots of dams, syria, iraq

syria wants to build more dams n lead to wars w/ iraq

Question 35

to solve water problems

Answer 35

slowing popu growth
wasting less water
import grain to reduce need for irrigation

Question 36

water functions

Answer 36

keeps us alive, moderate climates, shapes land, dilutes, hydrologic cycle. most poorly managed resources

bc cost little: more wasted n pollution

health, children, economic, internation security issue

.024% of earth’s water is excessible

Question 37

hydrolic cycle

Answer 37

solar-powered movement of water btw sea, air, land

Question 38

bad things we do to water system

Answer 38

waste
withdraw underground faster than it can b replenishe
destroy wetland n forest

Question 39

groundwater

Answer 39

water go down through spaces in soil/gravel/rock

Question 40

zone of saturation

Answer 40

spaces in ground that are completely filled with water

top of the zone: water table
falls in dry weather

Question 41

deeper than zone of saturation

Answer 41

aquifers: caverns where groundwater flows from high elevation/pressure to lower. contains 100% times more freshwater than land

Question 42

types of aquifer

Answer 42

renewable: replenished by precipitation (natural recharge)
nonrenewable: usually minig fossils

Question 43

surface water

Answer 43

flows across land to bodies of watern replenish by runoff. surface runoff does not evaporate or go into the ground.

Question 44

watershed/drainage basin

Answer 44

land where water drains into a body of water. eventaullt groundater goes to land