Apes Ch.5

Question 1

Coriolis effect

Answer 1

heated air masses rising above the equator and moving north and south to cooler areas are deflected to the west or east over different parts of the planet

Question 2

Convection cells

Answer 2

convection cells

when hot and wet warm air rises, cools, and releases moisture as precipitation and heat

Question 3

Rain shadow

Answer 3

low precipitation on the far side of a mountain when prevailing winds flow up and over a high mountain

Question 4

Windward

Answer 4

side of a mountain range where air rises, cools, and releases moisture

Question 5

Leeward

Answer 5

side of a mountain range where air descends, warms, and releases little moistur

Question 6

Monsoon

Answer 6

periods of heavy rain experienced on continents lying north and south of warm oceans

Question 7

Microclimate

Answer 7

the climate of a small, specific place within an area as contrasted with the climate of the entire area

Question 8

Biomes

Answer 8

large terrestrial regions characterized by similar climate, soil, plants, and animals, regardless of where they are found in the world. determined by precipitation, temperature and soil type.

Question 9

Tundra

Answer 9

northern biome that has no trees and is characterized by permafrost

Question 10

Chaparral

Answer 10

temperate shrub lands. has a moderate climate but its dense thickets of spiny shrubs are subject to periodic fives

Question 11

Temperate grassland

Answer 11

covers vast expanses of plains and gently rolling hills in the interiors of north and south america, Europe, and asia

Question 12

Permafrost

Answer 12

underground soil in which water stays frozen for more than 2 consecutive years

Question 13

without wind

Answer 13

tropics would b hot and everywhere else would freeze

Question 14

wind

Answer 14

transport nutrients from one place to another.

phosphates/iron blows from sahara desert to across the atlantic. builds soil in bahamas and supplies nutrient for brazil rainforest.

dust/iron from gobi desert to pacific ocean- stimulates growth of phytoplankton.

Question 15

bad news- wind

Answer 15

dust form sahara have increased bc of 
drought
climate change
overgrazing
vehicles speeding over sand break desert crust

Question 16

wind transports viruses, pesticides, toxic metal

Answer 16

reddish soil/pesticides from Afica blows to US, erodes farmland. pollutes air

fungi in this dust degrade coral reefs in florida keys.

Question 17

red tide

Answer 17

iron rich dust from africa- enhance productivity of algae=algal blooms (red tides) in florida. ppl eat shellfish contaminated by toxin produce in red tide n become paralyzed/ dead

Question 18

pollution and dust from asia

Answer 18

blow across pacific n degrade air over western US. contribute to smog in west coast

Question 19

volcanic eruption

Answer 19

particles ride the wind, circle globe n temporary change temperature.

mt pinatubo cooled earth for 3 yrs. ash adds trace minerals to soil

Question 20

weather

Answer 20

area’s temp, precipitation, humidity, wind speed, clouud cover
conditions of lower atmosphere

Question 21

climate

Answer 21

region’s general pattern
determined by average temp n precip
related factors: latitude n elevation

Question 22

Factor contributing to a local climate

Answer 22

Amount of solar radiation, earth rotation n orbit
Air circulation
Distribution of land n seas
Ocean circulation
Elevation

Question 23

Factors determine global air circulation pattern

Answer 23

Uneven heating of the earth’s surface by the sun

Seasonal changes in temp n precipitation

Rotation of earth on axis-coriolis effect

Properties of air, water, land

Question 24

Prevailing winds

Answer 24

Major surface winds that blow continuously n distribute air, moisture, dust over earth

Question 25

Properties of air, water, land

Answer 25

Ocean evaporates n transfers heat from the oceans to the atmosphere

Question 26

convection cells

Answer 26

6, 3 north, 3 south.

warm,wet ar rises n cools n sink

Question 27

ocean also affects climates

Answer 27

ocean absorbs heat from air exp.: warm tropical areas

warm/cold ocean currents is interrupted by continents so they flow circularly clockwise (north) and counterclockwise (south).

ocean current redistribute heat from sun from one place to another. distribute nutrients n dissolved oxygen

Question 28

ex of ocean current affect climate. gulf stream

Answer 28

transport more water than all rivers, plays lesser role in climate than air.

Question 29

greenhouse gas

Answer 29

plays a role in avg temp-climate. absorbs radiation n heats the atmosphere. water vapor is in largest cncentration

Question 30

land’s effect in climate

Answer 30

heat is released more slowly by water than land. diff creates land n sea breeze.water moderate climate in nearby land

Question 31

microclimates

Answer 31

created by cities. bricks, concrete, building materials absorb heat n block wind flow.
large amt heat/pollutants. cities have more haze/smog, higher temp, litle wind