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Step One R&M > Oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and tumor markers > Flashcards

Oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and tumor markers Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of VHL?

A

Inhibits hypoxia-inducible factor 1a

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2
Q

Serine-threonine kinase

A

BRAF

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2
Q

What is p53 normal function?

A

Transcription factor for p21, which inhibits G1–>S

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3
Q

In which cancer is DCC mutated and what is the gene product?

A

CRC

DCC (deleted in colon cancer)

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3
Q

In which cancer is p16 mutated and what is the gene product?

A

Melanoma

Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A

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3
Q

Hairy cell leukemia

A

TRAP

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4
Q

Inhibits HIF1a

A

VHL

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5
Q

In what cancer is BRAF mutated and what is the gene product?

A

Melanoma

Seronine-threonine kinase

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6
Q

Cytokine receptor

A

c-kit

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8
Q

In which cancer is bcl-2 mutated and what is the gene product?

A

Follicular and undifferentiated carcinomas

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9
Q

In which cancer is BCR-ABL mutated and what is the gene product?

A

CML, ALL

Tyrosine kinase

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10
Q

AFP

A

HCC, yolk sac tumor, mixed germ cell tumors, testicular cancer, hepatoblastoma

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11
Q

Neuroblastoma

A

N-myc

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12
Q

Colon, lung, and pancreatic cancer

A

RAS

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13
Q

Calcitonin

A

Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid

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14
Q

In which cancer is NF1 mutated and what is the gene product?

A

Neurofibromatosis 1

RAS GTPase activating protein (neurofibromin)

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14
Q

TRAP

A

Hairy cell leukemia

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15
Q

Tyrosine kinases

A

BCR-ABL

HER2/neu

ret

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15
Q

GTPase

A

ras

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16
Q

Breast, ovarian, gastric cancer

A

HER2/neu

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17
Q

Follicular and undifferentiated lymphomas

A

bcl-2

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18
Q

MEN 2A and 2B

A

RET

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19
Q

In which cancer is ret mutated and what is the gene product?

A

MEN 2A and 2B

Tyrosine kinase

19
Q

In which cancers is Rb mutated and what is the gene product?

A

Retinoblastoma and osteosarcoma

Rb protein inhibits E2F so blocks G1–>S

20
Q

Anti-apoptotic molecule

A

bcl-2

21
Q

CA-125

A

Ovarian cancer

22
Q

Tumor marker for medullary carcinoma of the thyroid

A

Calcitonin

24
Q

S-100

A

Neural tumors, Schwannoma, Langerhans histiocytosis, melanoma

25
Q

Lung cancer

A

L-myc

26
Q

CA-15-3/CA-27-29

A

Breast cancer

27
Q

Transcription factors

A

c-myc

N-myc

L-myc

29
Q

In which cancer is NF2 mutated and what is the gene product?

A

Neurofibromatosis 2

Merlin (schwannomin) protein

31
Q

Burkitt lymphoma

A

c-myc

32
Q

CA-19-9

A

Pancreatic cancer

33
Q

Tumor marker for breast cancer

A

CA-15-3/CA-27-29

35
Q

DNA repair proteins

A

BRCA1 and BRCA2

36
Q

In which cancer is c-kit mutated and what is the gene product?

A

GIST

Cytokine receptor for stem cell factor

37
Q

CML, ALL

A

BCR-ABL

38
Q

AFP + ß-hCG

A

Mixed germ cell tumor

39
Q

In which cancer is CPD4/SMAD4 mutated and what is the gene product?

A

Pancreatic cancer

DPC (deleted in pancreatic cancer)

40
Q

GIST

A

c-kit

41
Q

In which cancer is c-myc mutated and what is the gene product?

A

Burkitt lymphoma

Transcription factor

41
Q

Colon cancer

A

ras (GTPase)

DCC (TSG)

42
Q

Tumor marker for ovarian cancer

A

CA-125

43
Q

Two tumor suppressor genes which normally inhibit G1–>S

A

p53 (transcription factor for p21)

Rb (inhibits E2F)

44
Q

ß-hCG

A

Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole, testicular cancer

45
Q

Pancreatic cancer

A

ras (GTPase)

CPD4/SMAD4 (DPC)

47
Q

Tumor marker for pancreatic cancer

A

CA-19-9

48
Q

In which cancers is HER2/neu mutated and what is the gene product?

A

Breast, ovarian, and gastric cancers

Tyrosine kinase

49
Q

Melanoma

A

BRAF (oncogene) and p16 (TSG)

50
Q

Breast, prostate, endometrial cancer

A

PTEN

51
Q

In which cancer is N-myc mutated and what is the gene product?

A

Neuroblastoma

Transcription factor

53
Q

In which cancers is ras mutated and what is the gene product?

A

Colon, lung, pancreatic cancer

GTPase

54
Q

In which cancer is L-myc mutated and what is the gene product?

A

Lung cancer

Transcription factor

55
Q

CEA

A

CRC, pancreatic cancer, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, gastric cancer, breast cancer

Step One R&M (38 decks)

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