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Step One R&M > Cardiac embryo > Flashcards

Cardiac embryo Flashcards

1
Q

Paradoxical emboli

A

ASD, patent foramen ovale

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2
Q

Formed by AP septum and endocardial cushions

A

Membranous part of ventricular septum

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2
Q

Fossa ovalis

A

Remnant of foramen ovale

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3
Q

Steps in atrial septation

A

Septum primum grows toward enodcardial cushions –> formamen primum closes –> formen secundum formed in septum primum –> septum secundum forms –> covers most of foramen secundum –> residual foramen is foramen ovale –> remaining portion of septum primum forms valve of foramen ovale –> spetum secundum and primum fuse to form atrial septum –> foramen ovale closes after birth

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3
Q

Congenital rubella

A

PDA, pulmonary artery stenosis, septal defects

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4
Q

Marfan

A

Aortic regurg, thoracic aortic dissection/aneurysm, MVP

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5
Q

Umbilical arteries

A

Medial umbilical ligament

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5
Q

Ligamentum teres hepatis

A

Remnant of umbilical vein (contained in falciform ligament)

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5
Q

Bicuspid aortic valve

A

Turner syndrome

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5
Q

Aortic regurg

A

Marfan

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6
Q

Atrial septum

A

Fusion of septum primum and septum secundum

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6
Q

VSD

A

FAS

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7
Q

Where does EPO take place in a neonate?

A

Bone marrow; liver stops producing at birth

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7
Q

Why does PGE2 decrease after birth, precipitating closure of the foramen ovale?

A

Placental separation

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7
Q

Down syndrome

A

ASD (ostium secundum)

VSD

AV valve defect (endocardial cushion defect)

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7
Q

Diabetic mom

A

Transposition of great vessels

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8
Q

Why does fetal hemoglobin have a much higher affinity for oxygen?

A

Less avid binding of 2,3-BPG

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9
Q

Rx to close PDA

A

Indomethacin (inhibits PG-mediated patency)

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10
Q

Preductal coarctation of aorta

A

Turner syndrome

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12
Q

Primitive atria

A

Trabeculated part of atria

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13
Q

Pulmonary artery stenosis, PDA, septal defects

A

Congenital rubella

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14
Q

Trabeculated part of ventricles

A

Primitive ventricles

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14
Q

Transposition of great vessels

A

Diabetic mom

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15
Q

Rx to keep patent forman ovale

A

PGE2

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16
SVC
Right common cardinal vein and left anterior cardinal vein
16
Steps in ventricular septation
Muscular septum forms --\> creates interventricular septum --\> AP septum forms and creates membranous portion of interventricular septum --\> endocardial cushions separate ventricles from atria and contribute to membranous part of interventricular foramen and atrial septum
17
Forms valves
Endocardial cushions
19
Right horn on sinus venosus
Smooth part of right atrium
20
Separates atria and ventricles
Endocardial cushion
20
Turner syndrome
Bicuspid aortic valve, preductal coarctation of aorta
22
Neural crest
Endocardial cushions
23
Fusion of septum primum and septum secundum
Atrial septum
24
MVP
Marfan
26
Smooth part of right atrium
Right horn of sinus venosus
27
PDA
Congenital rubella
28
Remnant of umbilical vein
Ligamentum teres hepatis (contained in falciform ligament)
29
Bicuspid aortic valve, preductal coarctation of aorta
Turner syndrome
30
Allantois
Median umbilical ligament/urachus
31
Forms membranous part of ventricular septum
Formed by AP septum and endocardial cushions
31
Urachal cysts form from allanotic duct between bladder and umbilicus
31
5 congential anomalies causing cyanosis at birth
1. Truncus arteriosus 2. Transposition 3. Tricuspid atresia 4. Tetralogy of Fallot 5. Total anomalous pulmonary venous return
32
Most common cause of PDA
Congenital rubella
34
What forms the foramen ovale?
Septum secundum covering most of foramen secundum in septum primum
35
Pulmonary artery stenosis
Congenital rubella
37
What causes patent foramen ovale?
Failure of septum primum and secundum to fuse after birth
38
When does infant switch from producing mostly fetal hemoglobin to mostly adult?
~6 weeks
39
Medial umbilical ligament
Umbilical arteries
40
When does infant hemoglobin proportions reach adult status?
10 months
40
Two mediators of foramen ovale closure
Increased O2 and decreased prostaglandin E2
41
Smooth (outflow) part of both ventricles
Bulbus cordis
42
Smooth part of left atrium
Primitive pulmonary vein
43
Where is the first place EPO takes place in fetus? When?
Yolk sac; 3 weeks
44
Right common cardinal vein + left anterior cardinal vein
SVC
46
Bulbus cordis
Smooth (outflow) part of both ventricles
47
VSD most commonly associated with:
FAS
48
Heart beats spontaneously by:
4th week
49
Tetralogy of Fallot, truncus arteriosus
22q11 syndromes
51
Urachus
Part of allantoic duct between bladder and umbilicus
52
EPO in liver
6 weeks-birth
53
22q11 syndromes
Truncus arteriosus, tetralogy of Fallot
55
Ebstein's anomaly
Tricupsid valve leaflets displace toward apex of right ventricle while annulus is in same position
57
Name the three fetal shunts
Forman ovale Ductus venosus Ductus arteriosus
58
Coronary sinus
Left horn of sinus venosus
60
EPO in yolk sac
3-8 weeks
61
Formed by endocardial cushions
Septum between atria and ventricles, part of membranous interventricular septum, part of atrial septum
62
Acyanotic or cyanotic at birth: VSD
Acyanotic (left-to-right shunt)
64
Primitive pulmonary vein
Smooth part of left atrium
65
Notochord
Nucleus pulposus
67
Fetal blood flow
Placenta --\> umbilical vein --\> ductus venosus --\> IVC --\> heart --\> foramen ovale --\> aorta SVC --\> RA --\> RV --\> pulmonary atery --\> ductus arteriousus --\> aorta
68
Median umbilical ligament
Allantois (Urachus is part of allantoic duct between bladder and umbilicus)
69
MVP, aortic regurg, thoracic aortic dissection/aneurysm
Marfan
70
Left horn of sinus venosus
Coronary sinus
72
Primitive ventricles
Trabeculated part of ventricles
73
Nucleus pulposus
Notochord
74
Thoracic aortic dissection/aneurysm
Marfan
76
Where is the most common location of a VSD?
Membranous part of ventricular septum
77
EPO in bone marrow
18 weeks to adult life
78
ASD, VSD, endocardial cusion/AV valve defects
Down syndrome
79
What keeps foramen ovale open?
PGE2
80
Failure of septum primum and secundum to fuse after birth
Patent foramen ovale
81
Trabeculated part of atria
Primitive atria
82
EPO in spleen 10-28 weeks
83
Forms septum between atria and ventricles, part of membranous interventricular septum, part of atrial septum
Endocardial cushions

Step One R&M (38 decks)

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