oceans- 2.2.7a

Question 1

what does TEU stand for

Answer 1

20 foot Equivalent Unit

Twenty foot Equivalent Unit

A container

Question 2

What are the changing trends of shipping

Answer 2

The changing trends of shipping is the size and efficiency of ships

Question 3

Name and explain why the 2 ships that have changing trends of size and efficiency

Answer 3

Oil Tankers have a trend of being larger
- Very Large Crude Carriers (VLCC) & ULCC
- Increased in size as its more cost effective for transporting oil over longer distances

Container Ships have a increased size, e.g. the mega container ship carries thousands of TEU’s, and economies have driven this trend due to reduced cost per container

Question 4

What is the main global trade pattern that is occurring now

Answer 4

Increase in e- commerce (amazon) because of changing consumer habits, increasing trade demands in Asia to other countries

Question 5

name a changed trade pattern other than e- commerce

Answer 5

Change in the oil tanker sections, this means that other oil that isn’t prude eg. shale oil is being used more in US

Question 6

Who dominates over world trade

Answer 6

Trade is dominated by developed countries and large emerging countries such as the BRIC group

Question 7

What country is the worlds number 1 exporter of goods

Answer 7

china

Question 8

Where is the North west passage, and why is it a shipping route wanted

Answer 8

It is through Canada’s waters, when ice is melted, which speeds up the shipping route, overall reduces co2 emissions

Question 9

What is the current route, that is the alternative to the North West Passage

What are the problems associated with it
how many ships pass through it per day
Has it been expanded

Answer 9

Currently the Panama Canal connects the pacific and Atlantic

-Panama Canal is very narrow and is a artificial, so water has to be risen and then lowered, average depth of 13 metres
-30-40 ships pass through it per day
-It has been expanded to allow larger container ships through ( but 25,000 died in the process)
It costs to pass through

Question 10

Define reshoring

Answer 10

Reshoring is shortening the global supply chain, MNCs produce locally instead of using distant offshore locations

Question 11

What % of products is transported by ships

Answer 11

90%

Question 12

What are the 2 things UNCLOS did to regulate shipping flows

Answer 12

-Guaranteed right of innocent passage in territorial waters
- Reduced impact of environment so UNCLOS implemented laws to stop washing out tanks with sea water after oil is delivered and stopped using single hulled oil tankers