oceans 2.2.7 c sea floor cables

Question 1

What is a pattern of sea floor cables

Answer 1

general pattern is that they connect all coastal countries, specifically to the major harbours

Question 2

list 4 facts about sea floor cables

Answer 2

• transmit 99% of all international data
• fast and cheaper than satellites
• 350 cables, spanning 550,000 miles

Question 3

name 2 facts that relate sea floor cables to shipping trade

Answer 3

They go through choke points and shipping lanes
Atlantic and pacific are heavily connected

Question 4

how are sea floor cables laid

Answer 4

private company, installing is slow and expensive
- have to avoid coral and trenches, they avoid shipping routes

Question 5

what is the most significant risk to sea floor cable damage

what is the 2nd

Answer 5

Anchors and nets due to boats, they pull up the cables when getting anchor back up to boat

2nd is natural disasters and storms

Question 6

Name the 3 conventions that protect sea floor cables

Answer 6

ICPC
UNCLOS
Geneva Convention on high seas

Question 7

What does the ICPC stand for and how do they promote protection for the sea floor cables

Answer 7

International convention to protect the sea floor cables ICPC
ICPC promote the safeguardingn of submarine telecommunication cables against it’s 2 riskd (anchors and storms)

Question 8

What does UNCLOS do to promote protection

Answer 8

When placing sea floor cables in territorial waters, the right of innocent passage may be restricted to protect submarine cables
Have to obey rights of country, and they often charge

Question 9

What does article 26 of the Geneva Convention of the high seas state

what happens if ships damage the cables

Answer 9

Have the right to lay cables anyway in the high seas, but must regard where cables are already put
ships are fined if they damage cables due to an anchor, so are encouraged to cut of anchor and then will get a reimbursement