Migration 2.2.4- causes, consequences and management of refugee movements

Question 1

who is classed as a refugee

Answer 1

a refugee is a person who has been FORCED out of their country, in order to escape war, persecution or natural disasters

Question 2

who is classed as an asylum seeker

Answer 2

An asylum seeker has fled their home country and seeks protection in another country due to fear of persecution or serious harm
-They have applied for asylum in the new country but have not been recognised as a refugee under international law.

Question 3

list the country names of the refugee case study- that i need to know facts and figures about

Answer 3

refugee case studies
-Ukraine= War
- Venezuela =Politics
-Rohingya (Maynmar)= persecution, management
- South Sudan= politics, war

Question 4

list the country names of the IDP’s case study- that i need to know facts and figures about

Answer 4

-Syria= war and management
- DRC (Democratic Republic of the Congo)= powerlessness, politics
-Ethiopia =land grabs agricultural
-Brazil= land grabs

Question 5

explain the relationship between a refugee and an asylum seeker

Answer 5

every refugee is an asylum seeker but not every asylum seeker is a refugee

Question 6

who is classed as an IDP

Answer 6

an IDP is an internally displaced person that is forced to flee their homes, but they still stay in the country

Question 7

why can’t IDP’s leave their country’s
give 3 reasons

Answer 7

• physically are unable to move across the border due to being trapped in conflict
• don’t want to leave their home country
• the government gives no protection if they leave, creating restrictions

Question 8

state a fact about IDP’s

Answer 8

They are twice as many IDP’s around the world than refugees, making it a greater problem, but it is not as well known

Question 9

what does UNHCR stand for

Answer 9

United Nations High Commissioners for Refugees
is commonly known as the UN refugee agency, to help asylum seekers and refugees

Question 10

what is the role of the UNHCR as a management technique

Answer 10

Main role of the UNHCR is to
- help protect refugees using the
=non refoulement principle (making sure no refugees or asylum seekers are sent back to a country with war, prosecution ect.)
-making sure they have humanitarian assistance= shelter, food, healthcare
- try find durable, long term solutions

Question 11

list the 5 causes of refugee movements and IDP’s

Answer 11

1. War + conflict
2. Persecution
3. Poor governance/ politics (leading to a lack of food and water availability)
4. Climate change
   5.Natural Disasters

Question 12

what happens when land grabbing occurs
explain what happened in Sudan

Answer 12

Land is simply seized/ taken away from vulnerable groups by powerful forces and don’t pay for the land
In semi- arid regions of Sudan farmers experienced land grabbing, which resulted in conflict,as a result 2 mill people were displaced. But then this competition over land was exacerbated by drought, desertification and shrinking water supplies.​

Question 13

Explain a geo-political event that causes people to migrate

Answer 13

Land Grabbers is when a large area in developing countries is taken over by MNCs and domestic industries or governments and individuals

Question 14

name the 3 causes of refugee movement that have example countries as the case studies

Answer 14

1.conflict/war
2. persecution
3. poor governance/politics

Question 15

The first cause of refugee movement is war and conflict
list some key example countries that you must mention

Answer 15

• Ukraine
• Sudan
  -Syria

Question 16

recall 5 facts from the Ukraine case study of refugees and IDPs

Answer 16

1. Ukraine refugee movement is due to War, creating a refugee crisis
2. Ukraine has obtained the largest amount of displacement in Europe, affecting 18 mill people
3. 8.2 mill fled in June
4. Destruction of dam in 2023, impacted 16,000 as they were in need of humanitarian aid due to the contaminated water flooded into their homes
5. consequence is it has left 1.7 bill exposed to the hunger crisis

Question 17

recall 3 facts from the Venezuela case study of refugees and IDPs

Answer 17

1. Become the 2nd largest external displacement crisis
2. 6.8 mill refugees from Venezuela worldwide, majority displaced in latin America
3. There’s nearly 1 mill asylum seekers from Venezuela

Question 18

recall 5 facts from the Myanmar (Rohingya) case study of refugees and IDPs

Answer 18

1. 2017 Myanmar’s army targeted Rohingya Muslims for ‘ethnic cleansing’, forcing them to flee to Bangladesh by boat or foot as 288 villages were burnt down
2. Management from the UN, tried to order the Buddhist-majority of Myanmar to protect this Rohingya community from genocide- but the Myanmar army continued to deny that they were targeting civilians
3. This minority community had to flee Myanmar due to fear of persecution from the government
4. Myanmar’s government refuses to accept them and sees them as illegal immigrants from Bangladesh

Question 19

recall 5 facts from South Sudan case study of refugees and IDPs

Answer 19

1. Half a decade of conflict causing humanitarian aid
2. Due to climate change there has been some major flooding
3. UNHCR is limited resources but are still trying to provide relief and shelter for them
4. 2 million IDP’s in South Sudan as well as 2 million refugees
5. This makes it the largest refugee population in the region, they r hosted in Ethiopia, Sudan, Uganda

Question 20

recall 5 facts from Syria case study of refugees and IDPs

Answer 20

1. War and conflict since 2011
2. Population of 22 million and 6.8 million are idp’s, largest displaced population in the world
3. 90% live under the poverty line
4. Two powerful earthquakes hit south eastern Syria continuing the humanitarian and refugee crisis
5. Syrian idp’s remain protected of human rights under the government still

Question 21

2.2.4 C- actions to tackle the refugee crisis

List the three management organisations that

Answer 21

UNHCR
NGOs
National Governments

Question 22

What does the UNHCR do to protect the refugees

Answer 22

1. UCHCR ensures the refugees have their rights as well as the states keep to their legal obligation to protect refugees
2. UNHCR is based off of the non refoulement principle so they make sure no refugees are sent back if it threats their life
3. helps deal with the global refugee crisis

Question 23

What does inter governmental organisations do to help refugees

Answer 23

• The Dublin regulations decide which EU country will be responsible for processing the applications
• the asylum seeker will be sent to the country that they have a link to
• If the asylum seeker has no links to a country, they will be evenly distributed in the EU country’s and if they refuse to accept them, the country risks losing EU funds

Question 24

describe a positive and a negative of the UK not being in the EU anymore

Answer 24

Positive- The UK is not in the Dublin rules, which means that asylum seekers are no longer having to be sent to the UK, i they have a family link to the country
Negative- But this means that the UK has to process all asylum seeker applications, which costs time and energy

Question 25

list the 6 social impacts of migrants in refugee camps (they are quite negative)

Answer 25

1. No work opportunities in refugee camps
2. no support in the camp to help deal with trauma
3. poor quality of life in the camps especially for elderly or youth
4. risk of trafficking (sex, drugs, labour) women and girls have been raped in camps e.g. Nigerian refugee camps
5. half of all forced migrants are 17 and under
6. 90% do not receive any education

Question 26

3 factors why the DRC is considered powerless
1. Pol_____ i________ and wea_ g________ causing c______, so ext_____ f______ dom_____ the res____ e.g. M_______
2. Ec______ d__________ causing the res____ cu____ t hen explain what that is using e.g. col___ and di________
para____ of ple_____, leaves citizens pow_________
or Inf____ min____ div____ wealth away from g________ co____
3. Lim____ a____ or r____ in the g_____ m_____
because DRC produce p_______ prim____ comm______ so have l____ inf_____ on g____ pr_____

Answer 26

1. DRC has Political Instability due to weak Governance causing corruption. This weak governance allows external actors to dominate decisions about the country’s resources e.g. Mining
2. DRC have economic dependence on a resource, but it is exploited causing the resource Curse. This happens because the DRC is rich in valuable resources e.g. cobalt and diamonds, yet remains one of the world’s poorest countries. This “paradox of plenty” occurs because profits benefit foreign nations, leaving the citizens powerless. Or Informal mining and smuggling occurs which diverts wealth away from government control.
3. Limited access or role in the global markets because they produce primary commodities, so have little influence on global pricing

Question 27

list the 3 causes that has led to conflict in Gaza and explain what consequence each cause has created

Answer 27

1. Military conflict- there was repeated Israeli military operations in Gaza including airstrikes and invasions
   = consequence: destroyed homes, forcing them to flee to safety
2. Israeli - Egyptian Blockade since 2007, restricts access to essential goods, as military is used to isolate them
   = consequence: leading to slow reconstruction because of limited resources, as a result people stay in temporary shelters for years because no permanent houses are being rebuilt
3. Damage to critical Infrastructure- damage to essential services such as systems for water, electricity and sanitation
   = consequence: leading to areas that are unlivable so people are forced to flee to safer locations with better access to basic needs

Question 28

list 3 key facts and statistics about Gaza

Answer 28

1.an armed raid in 2023 by Hamas forces led to the death of 27,000 Palestinians in Gaza
2. 85% of population has been forcibly displaced in less than 3 months
3. 1.7 million IDP’s in the Gaza strop that have to seek refuge in UNRWA schools, shelters or makeshift camps