CP- 1.3.3 Flashcards
1.3.3 is how a place changes over time due to economic characteristics
A- how economic change can lead to structural changes in employment
Name the model that can show the structural changes over time
The Clark Fisher model
It has four sectors
Primary sector - is economic activity involved in working with natural resources e.g. farming and mining
Secondary sector - is economic activity involved in making things through manufacture and construction
Tertiary sector- is economic activity involved in providing a service which could be in the commercial or entertainment industry
Quaternary sector- economic activity involving research and development of information and communication technology - new sector in HICs
What is meant by structural unemployment
This is when unemployment occurs due to change in technology of industry which results in reorganisation–> unemployment rather than when there’s fluctuations in supply and demand
Outline what economic restructuring is
economic restructuring indicates a change in a section of the economy when there’s a shift such as moving from secondary to tertiary
name the 3 timescales (changes in economic stages) in the clark fisher model
Pre industrial
industrial
post-industrial
There are around 2 characteristics of each changing economic stage, what are they
(something is dominating and something is declining)
Preindustrial stage - is dominated by the primary stage and common in LICs
Industrials- is where there’s a growth of the secondary sector and decline of primary
Post-industrial stage is where the tertiary sector dominates and a growth in quaternary, then a decline in the secondary sector
Draw the clark fisher model now
Primary sector- pre-indust start 70%, steady decline dropping to 20% indust and then 10% post
Secondary sector- pre indust start 20% and peak in industrial at 40%, then decline to 30% post
Tertiary sector- pre indust start at 10%, steadily increase meet secondary at 40%, increase up to 50% post
Quaternary- doesn’t appear until between indust and post, where it has risen to 10%, about to go higher then primary as it continues to decline
Name three reason/causes for decline in the primary sector
- agriculture became mechanised
- government withdrew support from coal industry- due to unprofitable mines
3.new technology on ships that locate fish- then catch them with a trawler net
In relation to the secondary sector describe it’s economic change over time
The UK was the first industrial nation. It led the Industrial Revolution. Fifty Five years ago, manufacturing produced 40% of the UK’s wealth and employed a third of the workforce Today, it only produces 25% of the wealth and employs 20% of the work force.
Name three reason/causes for decline in the secondary sector
- Automation where robots replace manufacturing workers
- Globalisation led to outsourcing where labour was cheaper so manufacturing moved to places such as china, india and no longer in uk
- Improved technology- led to better global communication- no need to locate near facilities
Name three reason/causes for decline in the tertiary sector
- Disposible money to spend on luxaries e.g. holidays, entertainment -after economic boom from industrial revolution (mass production of goods–> increased supply and results in mass profits
- Technology advancements made it easier to buy things e.g. online shopping- amazon next day delivery because all products are produces on mass, so is already in store at amazon place near you, rather than shipping it out
- Improved services including schools and hospitals
what are the external factors influencing economic restructuring
- Globalisation
- Technology
- Lifestyle
- Government strategy
explain how globalisation , technology and government strategy can influence economic restructuring
Globalisation allows manufacturing countries to move offshore to another country for cheaper - results in deindustrialisation and growth of tertiary sector
Technology improvements means that manufacturing changes into automation decreasing employment as the robots do the jobs- economic restructuring as then there’s an increased demands for higher skilled work
Government strategy is providing policies that encourage certain industries such as investment in businesses using free market economy in 1900s to let primary sector decline and speed up growth of tertiary sector
