Not Completed - Chapter 36 - The Cold War Begins, 1945-1952 Flashcards
Gross National Product
slumped badly in 1946-47 after the war. It is the amount of goods being produced in one year, measures the nation’s economic health.
Taft-Hartley Act
passed in 1947 and was very unpopular with labor unions. It outlawed a union based labor force, made them take oath and made the pay for disputes among themselves. Helped stunt the growth of unions.
Closed Shop
An all union shop. It was ruled out in the taft-hartley act.
Council of Economic Advisors
part of the 1946 employment act, which was to provide info to the president regarding how to promote a better and more powerful economy.
GI Bill
passed in 1944 and it was passed due to the millions of military people coming home and needing jobs. So, the bill allowed them to go to school for free. It crowded all the schools. It also guaranteed home, farm, and business loans.
R and D
research and development that was funded by the military budget, which led to nature being a newfound source of wealth.
Productivity
output per hour of work. It was gaining and increasing due to the korean war, the world war, education levels, etc. in 1950
Benjamin Spock
wrote a book published in 1945 about how to properly raise a child. Since families were so mobile after the war, many grandparents weren’t around to help give tips to new parents.
Sunbelt
15 states that were spanned through texas, california, virginia and florida. Its population doubled throughout the 1950s. Had an abundance of jobs
Frostbelt
The northeast abandoned industrial cities that had major population decreases throughout the 1950s.
Rustbelt
northeastern states near the ohio river valley that contained industries and factories that people flocked away from.
Federal Housing Authority & Veterans Administration
both government organizations that made home loans easier and cheaper to get, which encouraged people to live in the suburbs rather than cities.
Levittown
towns that began in the 1940s which builders changed the home building technique. They had a system for building multiple, cheap houses at once.
White Flight
Many white american flocked to suburbs, which left poor black people in the cities. African americans quickly filled up white people’s vacated spaces, which made inner cities poor.
Baby Boom
large leap in the birthrate after 1945 due to veterans coming home from war and an overall prosperous time. Influenced society and economy for years after.
“The buck stops here.”
a phrase that was popularized by President Truman; The phrase refers to the fact that the President has to make the decisions and accept the ultimate responsibility for those decisions
Yalta
wartime meeting of the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union—President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and General Secretary Joseph Stalin; for the purpose of discussing Europe’s post-war reorganization; intended to discuss the re-establishment of the nations of war-torn Europe
United Nations
an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace; founded to replace the League of Nations; to stop wars between countries, and to provide a platform for dialogue
Communism
a political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.
Capitalism
an economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.
Sphere of Influence
a country or area in which another country has power to affect developments although it has no formal authority.
International Monetary Fund
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., of “189 countries working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the word.
World Bank
Consist of IBDR and IMF; international organization that continues to work to improve conditions in all nations.
Security Council
a principal organ of the UN and is in charge of maintaining security and peace.
General Assembly
The represantitive lawmaking branch of the government in North Carolina (Bicameral)
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization
UN educational scientific and cultural organization, promotes education for all, cultural development, press freedom, protection of cultures, and cultural development
Food and Agricultural Organization
A United Nations agency that works on international efforts to defeat hunger by helping developing countries modernize and improve agriculture, forestry and fisheries practices.
World Health Organization
specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with international public health. It was established on 7 April 1948, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.
Nuremberg
series of military tribunals, held by the Allied forces after World War II, to give just rulings about the civilians who broke humanity laws, and the Convene Convention.
Hermann Goering
German politician, military leader, and leading member of the Nazi Party (NSDAP). A veteran World War I fighter pilot ace, he was a recipient of the coveted Pour le Mérite, also known as the “Blue Max”.
Big Four
The four most important leaders. They were Vittorio Orlando (Italy), Woodrow Wilson (US), David Lloyd George (Britain), and Clemenceau (France).
Iron Curtain
A political barrier that isolated the peoples of Eatern Europe after WWII, restricting their ability to travel outside the region.
Berlin Airlift
Joint effort by the US and Britain to fly food and supplies into W Berlin after the Soviet blocked off all ground routes into the city.
George Kennan
An American advisor, diplomat, political scientist, and historian, best known as “the father of containment” and as a key figure in the emergence of the Cold War. He later wrote standard histories of the relations between Russia and the Western powers.
Containment
Policy of containing Communists where they are residing to prevent their spread of sphere of influence; reason for Korean and Vietnam War and Afghanistan.
Truman Doctrine
First established in 1947 after Britain no longer could afford to provide anti-communist aid to Greece and Turkey, it pledged to provide U.S. military and economic aid to any nation threatened by communism.
Marshall Plan
A plan that the US came up with to revive war-torn economies of Europe. This plan offered $13 billion in aid to western and Southern Europe.
National Security Act
Passed to help the American government to gather information from its citizens. Created the Defense Department, NSC, and CIA.
Defense Department
Is considered to be the military in its entirety.
Joint Chiefs of Staff
Uniformed heads of each service that were brought together
National Security Council
Advisors to the President to help them during a crisis.
Central Intelligence Agency
The various intelligence-gathering of various government agencies.
Voice of America
Radio broadcasts sent behind the Iron Curtain in attempts to entice the people in Communist countries to become capitalist nations.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
1949 alliance of nations that agreed to band together in the event of war and to support and protect each nation involved.
Douglas MacArthur
He was Chief of Staff of the United States Army during the 1950s
Chiang Kai-shek
Chinese political and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China between 1928 and 1975.
Mao Zedong
Chinese communist revolutionary and founding father of the People’s Republic of China
H-bomb
Another name for a thermonuclear hydrogen bomb that using fusion to explode.
Smith Act
made it illegal to advocate or teach the overthrow of the government by force or to belong to an organization with this objective. Communism was seen to teach such a cause, as well as Fascism and Naziism
Committee on Un-American Activities
House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC)- an investigating committee which investigated what it considered un-American propaganda. This congressional Committee investigated Commmunist influence inside and outside the US government after WWII.
Richard M. Nixon
He was a committee member of the House of Representatives, Committee on Un-American Activities (to investigate “subversion”). He tried to catch Alger Hiss who was accused of being a communist agent in the 1930’s. This brought him to the attention of the American public. In 1956 he was Eisenhower’s Vice-President.
Alger Hiss
Alger Hiss was well known, highly respected, experienced state department official who was accused of being a communist by Whitaker Chambers
Joseph R. McCarthy
Reckless and power-hungry demagogue who intimidated even President Eisenhower before his bubble burst
McCarran Internal Security Bill
1950–required communist-front organizations to register with the attorney general and prevented members from defense work and travel abroad–Truman vetoed so the president could arrest and detain suspicious person during an internal security emergency
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
United States citizens who were executed for conspiracy to commit espionage for the Soviet Union.
Dixiecrats
a political party organized in the summer of 1948 by conservative white southern Democrats committed to states’ rights and the maintenance of segregation and opposed to federal intervention into race, and to a lesser degree, labor relations.
Strom Thurmond
American politician who served for 48 years as a United States Senator from South Carolina. Leader of the Dixiecrats, and ran for president on a segregationist platform.
Henry Wallace
33rd Vice President of the United States, the Secretary of Agriculture, and the Secretary of Commerce. Ran for in the Democratic primary against Truman, and lost. Was very progressive, and was FDR’s primary aide during the New Deal.
“Dewey Defeats Truman”
incorrect banner headline on the front page of the Chicago Daily Tribune on November 3, 1948, the day after incumbent United States President, Harry S. Truman, won an upset victory over Republican challenger and Governor of New York, Thomas E. Dewey
Point Four
assistance program for “developing countries” announced by United States President Harry S. Truman in his inaugural address on January 20, 1949.
Fair Deal
set of proposals put forward by U.S. President Harry S. Truman to Congress in his January 1949 State of the Union address.
38th Parallel
The pre korean war boundary between north and south Korea
Dean Acheson
Secretary of State in the administration of President Harry S. Truman from 1949 to 1953
NSC-68
one of the most important statements of American policy that launched the Cold War
Police Action
euphemism for a military action undertaken without a formal declaration of war
Pusan Perimeter
large-scale battle between United Nations and North Korean forces lasting from August 4 to September 18, 1950.
Inchon
amphibious invasion and battle of the Korean War that resulted in a decisive victory and strategic reversal in favor of the United States
Chinese Volunteers
armed forces deployed by the People’s Republic of China during the Korean War
