Chapter 3 - Settling the Northern Colonies, 1619-1700

Question 1

John Calvin

Answer 1

Founder of Calvinism, which emphasized a strong moral code and believed in predestination (the idea that God decided whether or not a person would be saved as soon as they were born). Calvinists supported constitutional representative government and the separation of church and state.

Question 2

Conversion Experience

Answer 2

Part of the Calvinist doctrine, that was a sign from God to his chosen few that revealed their destiny. They were expected to live as visible saints afterwards. This experience was necessary to be admitted to the early Puritan church as a full member.

Question 3

Visible Saints

Answer 3

Term for someone who had experienced their “Conversion Experience” and was now a full part of the Puritan church.

Question 4

Puritans

Answer 4

The Puritans were non-separatists who wished to adopt reforms to purify the Church of England. They received a right to settle in the Massachusetts Bay area from the King of England.

Question 5

Separatists

Answer 5

Better known as the Pilgrims, they believed that the Church of England could not be reformed. Separatist groups were illegal in England, so the Pilgrims fled to America and settled in Plymouth.

Question 6

Mayflower

Answer 6

The Mayflower was the ship that transported the first English Separatists, known today as the Pilgrims, from Plymouth to the New World in 1620.

Question 7

Myles Standish

Answer 7

nglish military officer hired by the Pilgrims as military adviser for Plymouth Colony. He accompanied the Pilgrims on their journey on the Mayflower and subsequently Standish played a leading role in the administration and defense of Plymouth Colony from its inception.

Question 8

Mayflower Compact

Answer 8

1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony.

Question 9

Plymouth

Answer 9

Chosen by the Pilgrims as the site of their first settlement. It supposed to be in the Virginia colony, but they were blown off course, and ended up in modern day Massachusetts.

Question 10

William Bradford

Answer 10

A Pilgrim, the second governor of the Plymouth colony, 1621-1657. He developed private land ownership and helped colonists get out of debt. He helped the colony survive droughts, crop failures, and Indian attacks.

Question 11

Charles I

Answer 11

Led an anti-Puritan persecution in England that drove many Puritans to look for land elsewhere in the world.

Question 12

Massachusetts Bay Colony

Answer 12

1629 - King Charles gave the Puritans a right to settle and govern a colony in the Massachusetts Bay area. The colony established political freedom and a representative government.

Question 13

Great Migration

Answer 13

The first major wave of immigrants to the New World. This one was in the 1630s, and consisted of 70,000 Puritans who left England. Not all came here, but many did.

Question 14

John Winthrop

Answer 14

1629 - He became the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay colony, and served in that capacity from 1630 through 1649. A Puritan with strong religious beliefs. He opposed total democracy, believing the colony was best governed by a small group of skillful leaders. He helped organize the New England Confederation in 1643 and served as its first president.

Question 15

Freemen

Answer 15

Adult men who belonged to the Puritan congregations.

Question 16

Bible Commonwealth

Answer 16

Slang term for the Massachusetts Bay Colony. This was due to the fact that only male Puritan church members could be part of the government. The entire purpose of the colony was to live a strict religious life.

Question 17

John Cotton

Answer 17

Early clergy member of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

Question 18

Protestant Ethic

Answer 18

Term that the Puritans gave their commitment to hard work and to engagement in “worldly pursuits”

Question 19

Anne Hutchinson

Answer 19

She preached the idea that God communicated directly to individuals instead of through the church elders. She was forced to leave Massachusetts in 1637. Her followers (the Antinomianists) founded the colony of New Hampshire in 1639.

Question 20

Roger Williams

Answer 20

1635 - He left the Massachusetts colony and purchased the land from a neighboring Indian tribe to found the colony of Rhode Island. Rhode Island was the only colony at that time to offer complete religious freedom.

Question 21

Thomas Hooker

Answer 21

Clergyman, one of the founders of Hartford. Called “the father of American democracy” because he said that people have a right to choose their magistrates.

Question 22

Fundamental Orders

Answer 22

Set up a unified government for the towns of the Connecticut area (Windsor, Hartford, and Wethersfield). First constitution written in America.

Question 23

Squanto

Answer 23

A Wampanoag man who assisted the Pilgrims after their first winter in what is now Massachusetts. He was integral to their very survival

Question 24

Pequot War

Answer 24

The Pequot War was an armed conflict between the Pequot tribe and an alliance of the English colonists of the Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, and Saybrook colonies and their Native American allies which occurred between 1634 and 1638. The Pequot lost the war. Began 38 years of peace between colonists and natives until King Philip’s War.

Question 25

Praying Towns

Answer 25

Praying towns were developed by the Puritans of New England from 1646 to 1675 in an effort to convert the local Native American tribes to Christianity. The Natives who moved into these towns were known as Praying Indians.

Question 26

Metacom

Answer 26

Metacomet, also known as Metacom and by his adopted English name King Philip, was a Wampanoag and the second son of the Wampanoag chief Massasoit. Became the the chief of the tribe and led the natives against the English in King Philip’s War.

Question 27

King Philip’s War

Answer 27

1675 - A series of battles in New Hampshire between the colonists and the Wampanoags, led by a chief known as King Philip. The war was started when the Massachusetts government tried to assert court jurisdiction over the local Indians. The colonists won with the help of the Mohawks, and this victory opened up additional Indian lands for expansion.

Question 28

New England Confederation

Answer 28

1643 - Formed to provide for the defense of the four New England colonies (Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, Connecticut, and New Haven), and also acted as a court in disputes between colonies.

Question 29

Charles II

Answer 29

King of England after the “Restoration” that ended rule by Oliver Cromwell. The period of Cromwell’s rule had seen colony founding halt. Charles II brought it back, and increased government involvement.

Question 30

Dominion of New England

Answer 30

1686 - The British government combined the colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut into a single province headed by a royal governor (Andros). The Dominion ended in 1692, when the colonists revolted and drove out Governor Andros. This was brought on by the Glorious Revolution in England.

Question 31

Navigation Laws

Answer 31

Laws put in place by the English crown that put restrictions on who colonies were allowed to trade with. In general, colonies could only ship raw goods to England on English boats. They were meant as a way to keep the wealth created by colonies from being spent elsewhere in the world.

Question 32

Edmund Andros

Answer 32

Royal governor of the Dominion of New England from 1686 to 1692. Was driven back to Europe when the colonists revolted against his strict rule.

Question 33

Glorious Revolution

Answer 33

1668. King James II’s policies, such as converting to catholicism, conducting a series of repressive trials known as the “Bloody Assizes,” and maintaining a standing army, so outraged the people of England that Parliament asked him to resign and invited King William of the Netherlands (who became known as William II in England), to take over the throne. King James II left peacefully (after his troops deserted him) and King William II and his wife Queen Mary II took the throne without any war or bloodshed, hence the revolution was termed “glorious.”

Question 34

William and Mary

Answer 34

Monarchs who took power in the Glorious Revolution. They signed the English Bill of Rights, and put to rest any thoughts of England becoming Catholic again.

Question 35

Salutary Neglect

Answer 35

Prime Minister Robert Walpole’s policy in dealing with the American colonies. He was primarily concerned with British affairs and believed that unrestricted trade in the colonies would be more profitable for England than would taxation of the colonies.

Question 36

Dutch East India Company

Answer 36

A trading company founded by the Dutch and given a monopoly on the spice trade from the East Indies. It was the first multinational company, and was enormously powerful. It originally founded the colony of New Netherlands, only to later lose it to the English after years of neglect.

Question 37

Henry Hudson

Answer 37

Sir Henry Hudson was an English sea explorer and navigator in the early 17th century. Hudson made two attempts on behalf of English merchants to find a prospective Northwest Passage to Cathay via a route above the Arctic Circle.

Question 38

New Amsterdam

Answer 38

Original name of New York City. It was originally founded by the Dutch.

Question 39

Patroonships

Answer 39

A landholder with manorial rights to large tracts of land in the 17th century Dutch colony of New Netherlands in North America.

Question 40

Wall Street

Answer 40

Name given to the street that ran along the outer wall of New Amsterdam (later named New York City)

Question 41

New Sweden

Answer 41

New Sweden was a Swedish colony along the lower reaches of the Delaware River in North America from 1638 to 1655 in the present-day American Mid-Atlantic states of Delaware, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania.

Question 42

Peter Stuyvesant

Answer 42

Peter Stuyvesant served as the last Dutch Director-General of the colony of New Netherland from 1647 until it was ceded provisionally to the English in 1664, after which it was renamed New York.

Question 43

Quakers

Answer 43

A Christian denomination known for their pacifism and work to ensure equality for all. They founded the colony of Pennsylvania, which was known for toleration and good relations with the natives and the first hotbed of abolitionism.

Question 44

The Middle Colonies

Answer 44

The colonies of Delaware, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. They are known for being a blend of North and South, and having a very culturally diverse population.