Chapter 30 - The War to End All Wars, 1914-1918 Flashcards
“Peace without Victory”
This was said by Woodrow Wilson in 1917. He hoped that America could find a non-violent solution to the growing world war and achieve a peaceful (International) state without the need for combat. This was a very unrealistic claim at the time.
Unlimited Submarine Warfare
The act of taking down any naval vessel from any nation from underwater U-boats. The victims receive no warning and any and all ocean vessels are taken down if they are spotted by the submarines.
Arthur Zimmermann
A German secretary/representative. He sent a letter to Mexico, proposing an alliance and encouraged them to attack to the United States. His letter was eventually discovered and published by the United States. This sparked the desire for war in the hearts of many Americans. Zimmermann’s letter played a large role in America’s joining of the war.
Jeannette Rankin
A pacifist and devout republican, Rankin became the first woman to ever hold political office in the United States. She held positions in Congress and the House of Representatives. Rankin was the only Congress member to vote against WWI (She would later vote against WWII and resist Vietnam War efforts).
Fourteen Points
This was a plan for peace, broken down into 14 points, made by Woodrow Wilson. It expressed his desires and plans for peace (and the League of Nations). It was less cruel towards the Germans and encouraged allied morale. Wilson gave points that he claimed would take down Germany and would prevent future warfare like this
Committee on Public Information
A government organization that formed in 1917. Their goal is to encourage Americans support of the war by distributing propaganda and “four-Minutemen” to the public.
George Creel
was the head of the committee on public information and was given the task of selling the American public on the idea of the war and gaining their support.
Four-minute Men
volunteers appointed by Woodrow Wilson. They gave for minute, pro war speeches on issues given to them by the committee on public information. This was to rally American support of the war.
The Hun
popular American propaganda that depicted the Kaiser as a bloody helmeted beast, and often called “the Hun”.
Over There
American patriotic war song.
Liberty Cabbage
once the United States entered the war, foods with German names were renamed. One of the most popular being sauerkraut, which was renamed “liberty cabbage”.
Espionage Act
in 1917 this act was passed to prohibit ask of disloyalty to America.
Sedition Act
going hand-in-hand with the espionage act, the sedition act was passed in 1918. It restricted the rights and liberties of those found guilty of violating the espionage act.
Eugene V. Debs
A socialist who was convicted of being a traitor under the espionage act in 1918. He was given 10 years in prison for this.
William D. Haywood
Head of the group “industrial workers of the world”. He and 99 of his colleagues were convicted under the espionage act.
Bernard Baruch
appointed by President Wilson in March 1918 to lead to the war industries Board, set the precedent for the federal government to take a central economic planning and moments of crisis.
War Industries Board
The federal agency run by Bernard Baruch. It set up production quotas, coordinated industrial production, distributed materials, pushed for a company efficiency, and encouraged waste elimination. American production increased by 20% because of the war industries Board.
“Work or Fight”
A rule by the war department to draft unemployed males
National War Labor Board
Led by ex president Taft, this organization devoted itself to settling labor disputes that could hinder the war effort. At sought higher wages for employees and eight hour workdays. However it failed to address the demand for the right to assemble labor unions by workers.
