Chapter 21 - The Furnace of Civil War, 1861-1865 Flashcards
Bull Run
Battle that was supposed to mark the end of the ninety-day war plan. South gained a victory but it overinflated their ego and many of their numbers started to fall afterwards.
Stonewall Jackson
Robert E. Lee’s chief lieutenant. He was a tactical genius known for his speed and deception. Earned his nickname in the battle of Bull Run.
George McClellan
general given control of the army of Potomac in 1861 under command of the union. Superb organizer and drillmaster who hated losing troops. Nicknamed little mac by his troops. He would also run against Lincoln for president
Peninsula Campaign
George McClellan’s plan to attack richmond, the southern capital, by following a peninsula that connected the James and york river. Eventually halted by Stonewall Jackson.
Robert E. Lee
general in the south. Embodied the ideals of the south.
“Jeb” Stuart
lead the confederate army around the Union on reconnaissance
Seven Days’ Battles
A series of battles that pushed the Union out of the peninsula. Ten thousand union troops lost to a 20,000 confederate loss.
Anaconda Plan
Union plan to slowly suffocate the south by blockading it’s coasts.
Blockade
The Union set up a Naval blockade around the southern ports to limit the amount of goods and supplies the south could get. Caused prices in the south to skyrocket immensely.
Continuous Voyage
A voyage of a single ship carrying war contraband.
Merrimac
The southern navy’s first ironclad battleship built from railroad tracks and an old U.S. warship. Dismantled after the battle of Merrimac to keep out of the union’s grasps.
Monitor
Northern built ironclad ship built to destroy the Merrimac and fought it to a standstill.
Emancipation Proclamation
declaration made in 1863 that all slaves would be freed in the south for all time.
Butternut Region
The mountainous areas in the south that remained loyal to the Union
Frederick Douglass
Ex-slave who raised forces of freed slaves for the union army
54th Massachusetts
Regiment for colored people by the union that lost half its men during in an attack on Fort Wagner in 1863
Fort Pillow
Place where several black soldiers were massacred after they formally surrendered, raised battle cry “Remember Fort Pillow.”
Ambrose Burnside
Replaced McClellan as general of the army of the Potomac. Yielded his command to Joseph hooker after a defeat at the battle of Fredericksburg.
Joseph Hooker
Fighting Joe, aggressive officer who was yielded General Burnsides former army, defeated by Jackson at Chancellorsville Virginia.
George Meade
Union general who replaced Hooker. Lead the Union army at Gettysburg.
Gettysburg
Confederate attempted to take this the town of Gettysburg but were stopped and demoralized after the battle.
Pickett’s Charge
Final charge of the Confederate army at Gettysburg failed to break the line of the union army.
Gettysburg Address
Speech given by Abraham Lincoln after the Battle of Gettysburg That argued the importance of the declaration of Independence and that all men are created equal.
William T. Sherman
General in the Union known for going through georgia and burning everything that he passed
March to the Sea
Sherman’s 250 mile march through Georgia from atlanta to Savannah, where the army lived off of the land and burned everything they passed.
War Democrats
Group of democrats in the north that supported Lincoln
Peace Democrats
Group of democrats in the North that did not support Lincoln.
Copperheads
Far flung Peace democrats that attempted to stop the war by attacking the draft, lincoln, and the Emancipation proclamation.
Clement L. Vallandingham
Notorious Copperhead, who was banished to the Confederate States of America after demanding an end to the war.
Andrew Johnson
Ran against Lincoln during his second term a devout war democrat.
Mobile, Atlanta
Northern victories that happened near the time of the election.
The Wilderness
some of the most brutal fighting during the Civil war known for low visibility that lasted months in pursuit of General Lee
Cold Harbor
June 3, 1864, union assault that was extremely bloody(7 thousand deaths in a few minutes)
Grant the Butcher
Gained after old harbor General Grant gained the title after the bloody battle style of Cold Harbor.
Richmond
Final battle of the Civil war, Union overran the southern capital and cornered lee, prompting the surrender of the south.
Appomattox Court House
where General Lee and the confederates surrendered in Richmond
Ford’s Theater
Theater in which President Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Boothe
John Wilkes Boothe
Pro-southern actor who killed Abraham Lincoln in Ford’s Theater
Lost Cause
The southerners attempt to separate themselves from the United states,
