Chapter 18 - Renewing the Sectional Struggle, 1848-1854 Flashcards

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1
Q

Mexican Cession

A

Region of modern day southwestern US that Mexico ceded to the US in the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Includes Nevada, California, New Mexico, Utah, Colorado.

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2
Q

Fire-eaters

A

group of pro-slavery southern democrats who were in favor of the Confederate States of America. They were strong advocates of secession after Lincoln was elected.

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3
Q

Underground Railroad

A

secret system of freeing slaves from their owners. People had secret houses in which they would hide slaves and take care of them until they continued their journey of escaping.

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4
Q

Harriet Tubman

A

Famously known for her work in the Underground railroad. She was also an abolitionist.

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5
Q

Henry Clay

A

“The Great Compromiser.” Famous for the Missouri Compromise, the Nullification Crisis Compromise, and the Compromise of 1850

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6
Q

John C. Calhoun

A

“Great Nullifier” He wanted to leave slavery alone, return runaway slaves, give the south its rights as a minority, and restore the political balance.
Was the VP for Andrew Jackson, and led the fight for the states’ rights movement in the decades before the Civil War.

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7
Q

Daniel Webster

A

Upheld Clay’s compromise measures and urged all reasonable concessions to the south, including a stricter fugitive-slave law. He concluded that compromise, concessions, and sweet reasonableness were the only solutions to the debate over slavery. This helped turn the North toward compromise.

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8
Q

William H. Seward

A

Spokesman for northern radicals. He was antislavery. Appealed to the law of god, higher than the constitution.

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9
Q

Higher Law

A

Law of God. Man must obey the law of god and have God’s moral law. This was the law that Seward followed in his fight against slavery.

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10
Q

Compromise of 1850

A

North: California is admitted as a free state. Texas loses boundary dispute with New Mexico. South: no slavery restrictions in Utah or New Mexico territories.Texas gets $10 million, fugitive slave law is passed.

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11
Q

William Walker

A

organized several private military expeditions into Latin America, with the intention of establishing English-speaking colonies under his own personal control. This was an effort to establish more slave states to rebalance power in the Congress.

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12
Q

Commodore Matthew C. Perry

A

Commodore Matthew Perry went to Japan to open trade between it and the U.S. In 1853, his armed squadron anchored in Tokyo Bay, where the Japanese were so impressed that they signed the Treaty of Kanagania in 1854, which opened Japanese ports to American trade.

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13
Q

Treaty of Wanghia

A

peace treaty between China and the United States. Established fair taxes on trade. First formal diplomatic agreement signed on July 3, 1844

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14
Q

Caleb Cushing

A

A Massachusetts lawyer who was sent by President Tyler to secure a comparable concessions for the United States. He had for warships that arrived in southern China bearing gifts that included a weathervane in a pair of six shooters. This was all in hopes of getting the Chinese to sign the Treaty of wanghia.

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15
Q

Stephen A. Douglas

A

Stephen A. Douglas - A moderate, who introduced the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854 and popularized the idea of popular sovereignty. It contradicted the Missouri compromise of 1820 which at forbidden slavery in the proposed Nebraska territory.

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16
Q

Popular Sovereignty

A

The doctrine that stated that the people of a territory had the right to decide their own laws by voting. In the Kansas-Nebraska Act, popular sovereignty would decide whether a territory allowed slavery.